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New page: left|200px<br /> <applet load="1hlo" size="450" color="white" frame="true" align="right" spinBox="true" caption="1hlo, resolution 2.800Å" /> '''THE CRYSTAL STRUCT...
 
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[[Image:1hlo.gif|left|200px]]<br />
<applet load="1hlo" size="450" color="white" frame="true" align="right" spinBox="true"
caption="1hlo, resolution 2.800&Aring;" />
'''THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF AN INTACT HUMAN MAX-DNA COMPLEX: NEW INSIGHTS INTO MECHANISMS OF TRANSCRIPTIONAL CONTROL'''<br />


==Overview==
==THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF AN INTACT HUMAN MAX-DNA COMPLEX: NEW INSIGHTS INTO MECHANISMS OF TRANSCRIPTIONAL CONTROL==
BACKGROUND: Max belongs to the basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper, (bHLHZ) family of transcription factors. Max is able to form homodimers, and heterodimers with other members of this family, which include Mad, Mxi1 and Myc; Myc is an oncoprotein implicated in cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. The homodimers and heterodimers compete for, a common DNA target site (the E box) and rearrangement amongst these dimer, forms provides a complex system of transcriptional regulation. Max is also, regulated by phosphorylation at a site preceding the basic region. We, report here the first crystal structure of an intact bHLHZ protein bound, to its target site. RESULTS: The X-ray crystal structure of the intact, human Max protein homodimer in complex with a 13-mer DNA duplex was, determined to 2.8 A resolution and refined to an R factor of 0.213. The, C-terminal domains in both chains of the Max dimer are disordered. In, contrast to the DNA observed in complex with other bHLH and bHLHZ, proteins, the DNA in the Max complex is bent by about 25 degrees, directed, towards the protein. Intimate contacts with interdigitating sidechains, give rise to the formation of tetramers in the crystal. CONCLUSIONS: The, structure confirms the importance of the HLH and leucine zipper motifs in, dimerization as well as the mode of E box recognition which was previously, analyzed by X-ray crystallography of shortened constructs. The disorder, observed in the C-terminal domain suggests that contacts with additional, protein components of the transcription machinery are necessary for, ordering the secondary structure. The tetramers seen in the crystal are, consistent with the tendency of Max and other bHLHZ and HLH proteins to, form higher order oligomers in solution and may play a role in DNA, looping. The location of the two phosphorylation sites at Ser1 and Ser10, (the latter is the N-cap of the basic helix) suggests how phosphorylation, could disrupt DNA binding.
<StructureSection load='1hlo' size='340' side='right'caption='[[1hlo]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.80&Aring;' scene=''>
 
== Structural highlights ==
==About this Structure==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1hlo]] is a 4 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1HLO OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1HLO FirstGlance]. <br>
1HLO is a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single_protein Single protein] structure of sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://ispc.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1HLO OCA].  
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2.8&#8491;</td></tr>
 
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1hlo FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1hlo OCA], [https://pdbe.org/1hlo PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1hlo RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1hlo PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=1hlo ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
==Reference==
</table>
The crystal structure of an intact human Max-DNA complex: new insights into mechanisms of transcriptional control., Brownlie P, Ceska T, Lamers M, Romier C, Stier G, Teo H, Suck D, Structure. 1997 Apr 15;5(4):509-20. PMID:[http://ispc.weizmann.ac.il//pmbin/getpm?pmid=9115440 9115440]
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/MAX_HUMAN MAX_HUMAN] Transcription regulator. Forms a sequence-specific DNA-binding protein complex with MYC or MAD which recognizes the core sequence 5'-CAC[GA]TG-3'. The MYC-MAX complex is a transcriptional activator, whereas the MAD-MAX complex is a repressor. May repress transcription via the recruitment of a chromatin remodeling complex containing H3 'Lys-9' histone methyltransferase activity.
== Evolutionary Conservation ==
[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]]
Check<jmol>
  <jmolCheckbox>
    <scriptWhenChecked>; select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/hl/1hlo_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked>
    <scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview01.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked>
    <text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>
  </jmolCheckbox>
</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/main_output.php?pdb_ID=1hlo ConSurf].
<div style="clear:both"></div>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Single protein]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Brownlie, P.]]
[[Category: Brownlie P]]
[[Category: Ceska, T.A.]]
[[Category: Ceska TA]]
[[Category: Lamers, M.]]
[[Category: Lamers M]]
[[Category: Romier, C.]]
[[Category: Romier C]]
[[Category: Suck, D.]]
[[Category: Suck D]]
[[Category: Theo, H.]]
[[Category: Theo H]]
[[Category: complex (transcription factor max/dna)]]
[[Category: dna binding]]
[[Category: transcriptional regulation]]
 
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