1xgl

HUMAN INSULIN DISULFIDE ISOMER, NMR, 10 STRUCTURES

spinqualitylabelsall models 1xgl Show:Asymmetric Unit Biological Assembly Drag the structure with the mouse to rotate   Export Animated Image   Print3D Structural highlights 1xgl is a 2 chain structure with sequence from Homo sapiens. Full experimental information is available from OCA. For a guided tour on the structure components use FirstGlance. Method: Solution NMR, 10 models Resources: FirstGlance, OCA, PDBe, RCSB, PDBsum, ProSAT Disease INS_HUMAN Defects in INS are the cause of familial hyperproinsulinemia (FHPRI) [MIM:176730. Defects in INS are a cause of diabetes mellitus insulin-dependent type 2 (IDDM2) [MIM:125852. IDDM2 is a multifactorial disorder of glucose homeostasis that is characterized by susceptibility to ketoacidosis in the absence of insulin therapy. Clinical fetaures are polydipsia, polyphagia and polyuria which result from hyperglycemia-induced osmotic diuresis and secondary thirst. These derangements result in long-term complications that affect the eyes, kidneys, nerves, and blood vessels. Defects in INS are a cause of diabetes mellitus permanent neonatal (PNDM) [MIM:606176. PNDM is a rare form of diabetes distinct from childhood-onset autoimmune diabetes mellitus type 1. It is characterized by insulin-requiring hyperglycemia that is diagnosed within the first months of life. Permanent neonatal diabetes requires lifelong therapy. Defects in INS are a cause of maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 10 (MODY10) [MIM:613370. MODY10 is a form of diabetes that is characterized by an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance, onset in childhood or early adulthood (usually before 25 years of age), a primary defect in insulin secretion and frequent insulin-independence at the beginning of the disease. Function INS_HUMAN Insulin decreases blood glucose concentration. It increases cell permeability to monosaccharides, amino acids and fatty acids. It accelerates glycolysis, the pentose phosphate cycle, and glycogen synthesis in liver. Evolutionary Conservation Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf. Publication Abstract from PubMed We have determined the structure of a metastable disulphide isomer of human insulin. Although not observed for proinsulin folding or insulin-chain recombination, the isomer retains ordered secondary structure and a compact hydrophobic core. Comparison with native insulin reveals a global rearrangement in the orientation of A- and B-chains. One face of the protein's surface is nevertheless in common between native and non-native structures. This face contains receptor-binding determinants, rationalizing the partial biological activity of the isomer. Structures of native and non-native disulphide isomers also define alternative three-dimensional templates. Threading of insulin-like sequences provide an experimental realization of the inverse protein-folding problem. Structure of a protein in a kinetic trap.,Hua QX, Gozani SN, Chance RE, Hoffmann JA, Frank BH, Weiss MA Nat Struct Biol. 1995 Feb;2(2):129-38. PMID:7749917 From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. See Also Insulin 3D Structures

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