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[[Image:1w5n.gif|left|200px]]
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{{STRUCTURE_1w5n|  PDB=1w5n  |  SCENE=  }}
'''STEPWISE INTRODUCTION OF ZINC BINDING SITE INTO PORPHOBILINOGEN SYNTHASE OF PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA (MUTATIONS D131C AND D139C)'''


==Stepwise introduction of zinc binding site into porphobilinogen synthase of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (mutations D131C and D139C)==
<StructureSection load='1w5n' size='340' side='right'caption='[[1w5n]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 1.65&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1w5n]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudomonas_aeruginosa_PAO1 Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1W5N OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1W5N FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 1.65&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=CL:CHLORIDE+ION'>CL</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=FMT:FORMIC+ACID'>FMT</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=MG:MAGNESIUM+ION'>MG</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=NA:SODIUM+ION'>NA</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=ZN:ZINC+ION'>ZN</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1w5n FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1w5n OCA], [https://pdbe.org/1w5n PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1w5n RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1w5n PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=1w5n ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/HEM2_PSEAE HEM2_PSEAE] Catalyzes an early step in the biosynthesis of tetrapyrroles. Binds two molecules of 5-aminolevulinate per subunit, each at a distinct site, and catalyzes their condensation to form porphobilinogen (By similarity).
== Evolutionary Conservation ==
[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]]
Check<jmol>
  <jmolCheckbox>
    <scriptWhenChecked>; select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/w5/1w5n_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked>
    <scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview01.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked>
    <text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>
  </jmolCheckbox>
</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/main_output.php?pdb_ID=1w5n ConSurf].
<div style="clear:both"></div>
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Metal ions are indispensable cofactors for chemical catalysis by a plethora of enzymes. Porphobilinogen synthases (PBGSs), which catalyse the second step of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis, are grouped according to their dependence on Zn(2+). Using site-directed mutagenesis, we embarked on transforming Zn(2+)-independent Pseudomonas aeruginosa PBGS into a Zn(2+)-dependent enzyme. Nine PBGS variants were generated by permutationally introducing three cysteine residues and a further two residues into the active site of the enzyme to match the homologous Zn(2+)-containing PBGS from Escherichia coli. Crystal structures of seven enzyme variants were solved to elucidate the nature of Zn(2+) coordination at high resolution. The three single-cysteine variants were invariably found to be enzymatically inactive and only one (D139C) was found to bind detectable amounts of Zn(2+). The double mutant A129C/D139C is enzymatically active and binds Zn(2+) in a tetrahedral coordination. Structurally and functionally it mimics mycobacterial PBGS, which bears an equivalent Zn(2+)-coordination site. The remaining two double mutants, without known natural equivalents, reveal strongly distorted tetrahedral Zn(2+)-binding sites. Variant A129C/D131C possesses weak PBGS activity while D131C/D139C is inactive. The triple mutant A129C/D131C/D139C, finally, displays an almost ideal tetrahedral Zn(2+)-binding geometry and a significant Zn(2+)-dependent enzymatic activity. Two additional amino acid exchanges further optimize the active site architecture towards the E.coli enzyme with an additional increase in activity. Our study delineates the potential evolutionary path between Zn(2+)-free and Zn(2+)-dependent PBGS enyzmes showing that the rigid backbone of PBGS enzymes is an ideal framework to create or eliminate metal dependence through a limited number of amino acid exchanges.


==Overview==
Tracking the evolution of porphobilinogen synthase metal dependence in vitro.,Frere F, Reents H, Schubert WD, Heinz DW, Jahn D J Mol Biol. 2005 Feb 4;345(5):1059-70. Epub 2004 Dec 21. PMID:15644204<ref>PMID:15644204</ref>
Metal ions are indispensable cofactors for chemical catalysis by a plethora of enzymes. Porphobilinogen synthases (PBGSs), which catalyse the second step of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis, are grouped according to their dependence on Zn(2+). Using site-directed mutagenesis, we embarked on transforming Zn(2+)-independent Pseudomonas aeruginosa PBGS into a Zn(2+)-dependent enzyme. Nine PBGS variants were generated by permutationally introducing three cysteine residues and a further two residues into the active site of the enzyme to match the homologous Zn(2+)-containing PBGS from Escherichia coli. Crystal structures of seven enzyme variants were solved to elucidate the nature of Zn(2+) coordination at high resolution. The three single-cysteine variants were invariably found to be enzymatically inactive and only one (D139C) was found to bind detectable amounts of Zn(2+). The double mutant A129C/D139C is enzymatically active and binds Zn(2+) in a tetrahedral coordination. Structurally and functionally it mimics mycobacterial PBGS, which bears an equivalent Zn(2+)-coordination site. The remaining two double mutants, without known natural equivalents, reveal strongly distorted tetrahedral Zn(2+)-binding sites. Variant A129C/D131C possesses weak PBGS activity while D131C/D139C is inactive. The triple mutant A129C/D131C/D139C, finally, displays an almost ideal tetrahedral Zn(2+)-binding geometry and a significant Zn(2+)-dependent enzymatic activity. Two additional amino acid exchanges further optimize the active site architecture towards the E.coli enzyme with an additional increase in activity. Our study delineates the potential evolutionary path between Zn(2+)-free and Zn(2+)-dependent PBGS enyzmes showing that the rigid backbone of PBGS enzymes is an ideal framework to create or eliminate metal dependence through a limited number of amino acid exchanges.


==About this Structure==
From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
1W5N is a [[Single protein]] structure of sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudomonas_aeruginosa Pseudomonas aeruginosa]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1W5N OCA].
</div>
<div class="pdbe-citations 1w5n" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>


==Reference==
==See Also==
Tracking the evolution of porphobilinogen synthase metal dependence in vitro., Frere F, Reents H, Schubert WD, Heinz DW, Jahn D, J Mol Biol. 2005 Feb 4;345(5):1059-70. Epub 2004 Dec 21. PMID:[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15644204 15644204]
*[[Porphobilinogen synthase|Porphobilinogen synthase]]
[[Category: Porphobilinogen synthase]]
== References ==
[[Category: Pseudomonas aeruginosa]]
<references/>
[[Category: Single protein]]
__TOC__
[[Category: Frere, F.]]
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Heinz, D W.]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Jahn, D.]]
[[Category: Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1]]
[[Category: Reents, H.]]
[[Category: Frere F]]
[[Category: Schubert, W D.]]
[[Category: Heinz DW]]
[[Category: Evolution]]
[[Category: Jahn D]]
[[Category: Metalloenzyme]]
[[Category: Reents H]]
[[Category: Porphobilinogen synthase]]
[[Category: Schubert W-D]]
[[Category: Protein engineering]]
[[Category: Pseudomonas aeruginosa]]
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