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[[Image:2d3c.gif|left|200px]]
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{{STRUCTURE_2d3c|  PDB=2d3c  |  SCENE=  }}
'''Crystal Structure of the Maize Glutamine Synthetase complexed with ADP and Phosphinothricin Phosphate'''


==Crystal Structure of the Maize Glutamine Synthetase complexed with ADP and Phosphinothricin Phosphate==
<StructureSection load='2d3c' size='340' side='right'caption='[[2d3c]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 3.81&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[2d3c]] is a 10 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zea_mays Zea mays]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=2D3C OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2D3C FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 3.81&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=ADP:ADENOSINE-5-DIPHOSPHATE'>ADP</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=MN:MANGANESE+(II)+ION'>MN</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=P3P:(2S)-2-AMINO-4-[METHYL(PHOSPHONOOXY)PHOSPHORYL]BUTANOIC+ACID'>P3P</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2d3c FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=2d3c OCA], [https://pdbe.org/2d3c PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=2d3c RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/2d3c PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=2d3c ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/GLNA3_MAIZE GLNA3_MAIZE] Plays a role in the flow of nitrogen into nitrogenous organic compounds.
== Evolutionary Conservation ==
[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]]
Check<jmol>
  <jmolCheckbox>
    <scriptWhenChecked>; select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/d3/2d3c_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked>
    <scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview03.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked>
    <text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>
  </jmolCheckbox>
</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/main_output.php?pdb_ID=2d3c ConSurf].
<div style="clear:both"></div>
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Plants provide nourishment for animals and other heterotrophs as the sole primary producer in the food chain. Glutamine synthetase (GS), one of the essential enzymes for plant autotrophy catalyzes the incorporation of ammonia into glutamate to generate glutamine with concomitant hydrolysis of ATP, and plays a crucial role in the assimilation and re-assimilation of ammonia derived from a wide variety of metabolic processes during plant growth and development. Elucidation of the atomic structure of higher plant GS is important to understand its detailed reaction mechanism and to obtain further insight into plant productivity and agronomical utility. Here we report the first crystal structures of maize (Zea mays L.) GS. The structure reveals a unique decameric structure that differs significantly from the bacterial GS structure. Higher plants have several isoenzymes of GS differing in heat stability and catalytic properties for efficient responses to variation in the environment and nutrition. A key residue responsible for the heat stability was found to be Ile-161 in GS1a. The three structures in complex with substrate analogues, including phosphinothricin, a widely used herbicide, lead us to propose a mechanism for the transfer of phosphate from ATP to glutamate and to interpret the inhibitory action of phosphinothricin as a guide for the development of new potential herbicides.


==Overview==
Atomic structure of plant glutamine synthetase: a key enzyme for plant productivity.,Unno H, Uchida T, Sugawara H, Kurisu G, Sugiyama T, Yamaya T, Sakakibara H, Hase T, Kusunoki M J Biol Chem. 2006 Sep 29;281(39):29287-96. Epub 2006 Jul 7. PMID:16829528<ref>PMID:16829528</ref>
Plants provide nourishment for animals and other heterotrophs as the sole primary producer in the food chain. Glutamine synthetase (GS), one of the essential enzymes for plant autotrophy catalyzes the incorporation of ammonia into glutamate to generate glutamine with concomitant hydrolysis of ATP, and plays a crucial role in the assimilation and re-assimilation of ammonia derived from a wide variety of metabolic processes during plant growth and development. Elucidation of the atomic structure of higher plant GS is important to understand its detailed reaction mechanism and to obtain further insight into plant productivity and agronomical utility. Here we report the first crystal structures of maize (Zea mays L.) GS. The structure reveals a unique decameric structure that differs significantly from the bacterial GS structure. Higher plants have several isoenzymes of GS differing in heat stability and catalytic properties for efficient responses to variation in the environment and nutrition. A key residue responsible for the heat stability was found to be Ile-161 in GS1a. The three structures in complex with substrate analogues, including phosphinothricin, a widely used herbicide, lead us to propose a mechanism for the transfer of phosphate from ATP to glutamate and to interpret the inhibitory action of phosphinothricin as a guide for the development of new potential herbicides.


==About this Structure==
From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
2D3C is a [[Single protein]] structure of sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zea_mays Zea mays]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=2D3C OCA].
</div>
<div class="pdbe-citations 2d3c" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>


==Reference==
==See Also==
Atomic structure of plant glutamine synthetase: a key enzyme for plant productivity., Unno H, Uchida T, Sugawara H, Kurisu G, Sugiyama T, Yamaya T, Sakakibara H, Hase T, Kusunoki M, J Biol Chem. 2006 Sep 29;281(39):29287-96. Epub 2006 Jul 7. PMID:[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16829528 16829528]
*[[Glutamine synthetase 3D structures|Glutamine synthetase 3D structures]]
[[Category: Glutamate--ammonia ligase]]
== References ==
[[Category: Single protein]]
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Zea mays]]
[[Category: Zea mays]]
[[Category: Hase, T.]]
[[Category: Hase T]]
[[Category: Kurisu, G.]]
[[Category: Kurisu G]]
[[Category: Kusunoki, M.]]
[[Category: Kusunoki M]]
[[Category: Sakakibara, H.]]
[[Category: Sakakibara H]]
[[Category: Sugawara, H.]]
[[Category: Sugawara H]]
[[Category: Sugiyama, T.]]
[[Category: Sugiyama T]]
[[Category: Uchida, T.]]
[[Category: Uchida T]]
[[Category: Unno, H.]]
[[Category: Unno H]]
[[Category: Yamaya, T.]]
[[Category: Yamaya T]]
[[Category: Glutamine synthetase maize herbicide]]
''Page seeded by [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca OCA ] on Sat May  3 23:37:23 2008''
Retrieved from "https://proteopedia.org/2d3c"