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[[Image:2hio.gif|left|200px]]
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{{STRUCTURE_2hio|  PDB=2hio  |  SCENE=  }}
'''HISTONE OCTAMER (CHICKEN), CHROMOSOMAL PROTEIN'''


==HISTONE OCTAMER (CHICKEN), CHROMOSOMAL PROTEIN==
<StructureSection load='2hio' size='340' side='right'caption='[[2hio]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 3.10&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[2hio]] is a 4 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallus_gallus Gallus gallus]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=2HIO OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2HIO FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 3.1&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2hio FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=2hio OCA], [https://pdbe.org/2hio PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=2hio RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/2hio PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=2hio ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/H2A4_CHICK H2A4_CHICK] Core component of nucleosome. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling.
== Evolutionary Conservation ==
[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]]
Check<jmol>
  <jmolCheckbox>
    <scriptWhenChecked>; select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/hi/2hio_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked>
    <scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview01.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked>
    <text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>
  </jmolCheckbox>
</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/main_output.php?pdb_ID=2hio ConSurf].
<div style="clear:both"></div>
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
The structure of the octameric histone core of the nucleosome has been determined by x-ray crystallography to a resolution of 3.1 A. The histone octamer is a tripartite assembly in which a centrally located (H3-H4)2 tetramer is flanked by two H2A-H2B dimers. It has a complex outer surface; depending on the perspective, the structure appears as a wedge or as a flat disk. The disk represents the planar projection of a left-handed proteinaceous superhelix with approximately 28 A pitch. The diameter of the particle is 65 A and the length is 60 A at its maximum and approximately 10 A at its minimum extension; these dimensions are in agreement with those reported earlier by Klug et al. [Klug, A., Rhodes, D., Smith, J., Finch, J. T. &amp; Thomas, J. O. (1980) Nature (London) 287, 509-516]. The folded histone chains are elongated rather than globular and are assembled in a characteristic "handshake" motif. The individual polypeptides share a common central structural element of the helix-loop-helix type, which we name the histone fold.


==Overview==
The nucleosomal core histone octamer at 3.1 A resolution: a tripartite protein assembly and a left-handed superhelix.,Arents G, Burlingame RW, Wang BC, Love WE, Moudrianakis EN Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Nov 15;88(22):10148-52. PMID:1946434<ref>PMID:1946434</ref>
The structure of the octameric histone core of the nucleosome has been determined by x-ray crystallography to a resolution of 3.1 A. The histone octamer is a tripartite assembly in which a centrally located (H3-H4)2 tetramer is flanked by two H2A-H2B dimers. It has a complex outer surface; depending on the perspective, the structure appears as a wedge or as a flat disk. The disk represents the planar projection of a left-handed proteinaceous superhelix with approximately 28 A pitch. The diameter of the particle is 65 A and the length is 60 A at its maximum and approximately 10 A at its minimum extension; these dimensions are in agreement with those reported earlier by Klug et al. [Klug, A., Rhodes, D., Smith, J., Finch, J. T. &amp; Thomas, J. O. (1980) Nature (London) 287, 509-516]. The folded histone chains are elongated rather than globular and are assembled in a characteristic "handshake" motif. The individual polypeptides share a common central structural element of the helix-loop-helix type, which we name the histone fold.


==About this Structure==
From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
2HIO is a [[Protein complex]] structure of sequences from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallus_gallus Gallus gallus]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=2HIO OCA].
</div>
<div class="pdbe-citations 2hio" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>


==Reference==
==See Also==
The nucleosomal core histone octamer at 3.1 A resolution: a tripartite protein assembly and a left-handed superhelix., Arents G, Burlingame RW, Wang BC, Love WE, Moudrianakis EN, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Nov 15;88(22):10148-52. PMID:[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1946434 1946434]
*[[Histone 3D structures|Histone 3D structures]]
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Gallus gallus]]
[[Category: Gallus gallus]]
[[Category: Protein complex]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Arents, G.]]
[[Category: Arents G]]
[[Category: Moudrianakis, E N.]]
[[Category: Moudrianakis EN]]
[[Category: Chromosomal protein]]
[[Category: Histone]]
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Retrieved from "https://proteopedia.org/2hio"