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[[Image:2jfn.jpg|left|200px]]
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{{STRUCTURE_2jfn|  PDB=2jfn  |  SCENE=  }}
'''CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF ESCHERICHIA COLI GLUTAMATE RACEMASE IN COMPLEX WITH L-GLUTAMATE AND ACTIVATOR UDP-MURNAC-ALA'''


==Crystal structure of Escherichia coli glutamate racemase in complex with L- Glutamate and activator UDP-MurNAc-ala==
<StructureSection load='2jfn' size='340' side='right'caption='[[2jfn]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 1.90&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[2jfn]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escherichia_coli Escherichia coli]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=2JFN OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2JFN FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 1.9&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=GLU:GLUTAMIC+ACID'>GLU</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=UMA:URIDINE-5-DIPHOSPHATE-N-ACETYLMURAMOYL-L-ALANINE'>UMA</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2jfn FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=2jfn OCA], [https://pdbe.org/2jfn PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=2jfn RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/2jfn PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=2jfn ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/MURI_ECOLI MURI_ECOLI] Provides the (R)-glutamate required for cell wall biosynthesis.
== Evolutionary Conservation ==
[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]]
Check<jmol>
  <jmolCheckbox>
    <scriptWhenChecked>; select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/jf/2jfn_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked>
    <scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview01.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked>
    <text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>
  </jmolCheckbox>
</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/main_output.php?pdb_ID=2jfn ConSurf].
<div style="clear:both"></div>
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Glutamate racemase is an enzyme essential to the bacterial cell wall biosynthesis pathway, and has therefore been considered as a target for antibacterial drug discovery. We characterized the glutamate racemases of several pathogenic bacteria using structural and biochemical approaches. Here we describe three distinct mechanisms of regulation for the family of glutamate racemases: allosteric activation by metabolic precursors, kinetic regulation through substrate inhibition, and D-glutamate recycling using a d-amino acid transaminase. In a search for selective inhibitors, we identified a series of uncompetitive inhibitors specifically targeting Helicobacter pylori glutamate racemase that bind to a cryptic allosteric site, and used these inhibitors to probe the mechanistic and dynamic features of the enzyme. These structural, kinetic and mutational studies provide insight into the physiological regulation of these essential enzymes and provide a basis for designing narrow-spectrum antimicrobial agents.


==Overview==
Exploitation of structural and regulatory diversity in glutamate racemases.,Lundqvist T, Fisher SL, Kern G, Folmer RH, Xue Y, Newton DT, Keating TA, Alm RA, de Jonge BL Nature. 2007 Jun 14;447(7146):817-22. PMID:17568739<ref>PMID:17568739</ref>
Glutamate racemase is an enzyme essential to the bacterial cell wall biosynthesis pathway, and has therefore been considered as a target for antibacterial drug discovery. We characterized the glutamate racemases of several pathogenic bacteria using structural and biochemical approaches. Here we describe three distinct mechanisms of regulation for the family of glutamate racemases: allosteric activation by metabolic precursors, kinetic regulation through substrate inhibition, and D-glutamate recycling using a d-amino acid transaminase. In a search for selective inhibitors, we identified a series of uncompetitive inhibitors specifically targeting Helicobacter pylori glutamate racemase that bind to a cryptic allosteric site, and used these inhibitors to probe the mechanistic and dynamic features of the enzyme. These structural, kinetic and mutational studies provide insight into the physiological regulation of these essential enzymes and provide a basis for designing narrow-spectrum antimicrobial agents.


==About this Structure==
From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
2JFN is a [[Single protein]] structure of sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escherichia_coli Escherichia coli]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=2JFN OCA].
</div>
<div class="pdbe-citations 2jfn" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>


==Reference==
==See Also==
Exploitation of structural and regulatory diversity in glutamate racemases., Lundqvist T, Fisher SL, Kern G, Folmer RH, Xue Y, Newton DT, Keating TA, Alm RA, de Jonge BL, Nature. 2007 Jun 14;447(7146):817-22. PMID:[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17568739 17568739]
*[[Glutamate racemase 3D structures|Glutamate racemase 3D structures]]
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Escherichia coli]]
[[Category: Escherichia coli]]
[[Category: Glutamate racemase]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Single protein]]
[[Category: Lundqvist T]]
[[Category: Lundqvist, T.]]
[[Category: Cell shape]]
[[Category: Cell wall]]
[[Category: Glutamate racemase]]
[[Category: Isomerase]]
[[Category: Peptidoglycan biosynthesis]]
[[Category: Peptidoglycan synthesis]]
[[Category: Udp- murnac-ala]]
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Retrieved from "https://proteopedia.org/2jfn"