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[[Image:2noa.gif|left|200px]]
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{{STRUCTURE_2noa|  PDB=2noa  |  SCENE=  }}
'''The structure of deoxycytidine kinase complexed with lamivudine and ADP.'''


==The structure of deoxycytidine kinase complexed with lamivudine and ADP.==
<StructureSection load='2noa' size='340' side='right'caption='[[2noa]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 1.80&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[2noa]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=2NOA OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2NOA FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 1.8&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=3TC:4-AMINO-1-[(2R,5S)-2-(HYDROXYMETHYL)-1,3-OXATHIOLAN-5-YL]PYRIMIDIN-2(1H)-ONE'>3TC</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=ADP:ADENOSINE-5-DIPHOSPHATE'>ADP</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2noa FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=2noa OCA], [https://pdbe.org/2noa PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=2noa RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/2noa PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=2noa ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/DCK_HUMAN DCK_HUMAN] Required for the phosphorylation of the deoxyribonucleosides deoxycytidine (dC), deoxyguanosine (dG) and deoxyadenosine (dA). Has broad substrate specificity, and does not display selectivity based on the chirality of the substrate. It is also an essential enzyme for the phosphorylation of numerous nucleoside analogs widely employed as antiviral and chemotherapeutic agents.<ref>PMID:18377927</ref> <ref>PMID:20614893</ref>
== Evolutionary Conservation ==
[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]]
Check<jmol>
  <jmolCheckbox>
    <scriptWhenChecked>; select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/no/2noa_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked>
    <scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview01.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked>
    <text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>
  </jmolCheckbox>
</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/main_output.php?pdb_ID=2noa ConSurf].
<div style="clear:both"></div>
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
L-nucleoside analogs represent an important class of small molecules for treating both viral infections and cancers. These pro-drugs achieve pharmacological activity only after enzyme-catalyzed conversion to their tri-phosphorylated forms. Herein, we report the crystal structures of human deoxycytidine kinase (dCK) in complex with the L-nucleosides (-)-beta-2',3'-dideoxy-3'-thiacytidine (3TC)--an approved anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) agent--and troxacitabine (TRO)--an experimental anti-neoplastic agent. The first step in activating these agents is catalyzed by dCK. Our studies reveal how dCK, which normally catalyzes phosphorylation of the natural D-nucleosides, can efficiently phosphorylate substrates with non-physiologic chirality. The capability of dCK to phosphorylate both D- and L-nucleosides and nucleoside analogs derives from structural properties of both the enzyme and the substrates themselves. First, the nucleoside-binding site tolerates substrates with different chiral configurations by maintaining virtually all of the protein-ligand interactions responsible for productive substrate positioning. Second, the pseudo-symmetry of nucleosides and nucleoside analogs in combination with their conformational flexibility allows the L- and D-enantiomeric forms to adopt similar shapes when bound to the enzyme. This is the first analysis of the structural basis for activation of L-nucleoside analogs, providing further impetus for discovery and clinical development of new agents in this molecular class.


==Overview==
Structural basis for activation of the therapeutic L-nucleoside analogs 3TC and troxacitabine by human deoxycytidine kinase.,Sabini E, Hazra S, Konrad M, Burley SK, Lavie A Nucleic Acids Res. 2007;35(1):186-92. Epub 2006 Dec 7. PMID:17158155<ref>PMID:17158155</ref>
L-nucleoside analogs represent an important class of small molecules for treating both viral infections and cancers. These pro-drugs achieve pharmacological activity only after enzyme-catalyzed conversion to their tri-phosphorylated forms. Herein, we report the crystal structures of human deoxycytidine kinase (dCK) in complex with the L-nucleosides (-)-beta-2',3'-dideoxy-3'-thiacytidine (3TC)--an approved anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) agent--and troxacitabine (TRO)--an experimental anti-neoplastic agent. The first step in activating these agents is catalyzed by dCK. Our studies reveal how dCK, which normally catalyzes phosphorylation of the natural D-nucleosides, can efficiently phosphorylate substrates with non-physiologic chirality. The capability of dCK to phosphorylate both D- and L-nucleosides and nucleoside analogs derives from structural properties of both the enzyme and the substrates themselves. First, the nucleoside-binding site tolerates substrates with different chiral configurations by maintaining virtually all of the protein-ligand interactions responsible for productive substrate positioning. Second, the pseudo-symmetry of nucleosides and nucleoside analogs in combination with their conformational flexibility allows the L- and D-enantiomeric forms to adopt similar shapes when bound to the enzyme. This is the first analysis of the structural basis for activation of L-nucleoside analogs, providing further impetus for discovery and clinical development of new agents in this molecular class.


==About this Structure==
From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
2NOA is a [[Single protein]] structure of sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=2NOA OCA].
</div>
<div class="pdbe-citations 2noa" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>


==Reference==
==See Also==
Structural basis for activation of the therapeutic L-nucleoside analogs 3TC and troxacitabine by human deoxycytidine kinase., Sabini E, Hazra S, Konrad M, Burley SK, Lavie A, Nucleic Acids Res. 2007;35(1):186-92. Epub 2006 Dec 7. PMID:[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17158155 17158155]
*[[Deoxycytidine kinase 3D structures|Deoxycytidine kinase 3D structures]]
[[Category: Deoxycytidine kinase]]
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Single protein]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Lavie, A.]]
[[Category: Lavie A]]
[[Category: Sabini, E.]]
[[Category: Sabini E]]
[[Category: 3tc]]
[[Category: Antiviral]]
[[Category: Dck]]
[[Category: Enantiomer]]
[[Category: Epivir]]
[[Category: Human deoxycytidine kinase]]
[[Category: L-dc]]
[[Category: Lamivudine]]
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