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[[Image:2oqp.jpg|left|200px]]
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{{STRUCTURE_2oqp|  PDB=2oqp  |  SCENE=  }}
'''Solution structure of human interleukin-21'''


==Solution structure of human interleukin-21==
<StructureSection load='2oqp' size='340' side='right'caption='[[2oqp]]' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[2oqp]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full experimental information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=2OQP OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2OQP FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">Solution NMR, 20 models</td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2oqp FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=2oqp OCA], [https://pdbe.org/2oqp PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=2oqp RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/2oqp PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=2oqp ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/IL21_HUMAN IL21_HUMAN] Cytokine with immunoregulatory activity. May promote the transition between innate and adaptive immunity. Induces the production of IgG(1) and IgG(3) in B-cells (By similarity). May play a role in proliferation and maturation of natural killer (NK) cells in synergy with IL15. May regulate proliferation of mature B- and T-cells in response to activating stimuli. In synergy with IL15 and IL18 stimulates interferon gamma production in T-cells and NK cells. During T-cell mediated immune response may inhibit dendritic cells (DC) activation and maturation.<ref>PMID:11081504</ref> <ref>PMID:15178704</ref>
== Evolutionary Conservation ==
[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]]
Check<jmol>
  <jmolCheckbox>
    <scriptWhenChecked>; select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/oq/2oqp_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked>
    <scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview03.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked>
    <text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>
  </jmolCheckbox>
</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/main_output.php?pdb_ID=2oqp ConSurf].
<div style="clear:both"></div>
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
The high resolution three-dimensional structure of human interleukin (hIL)-21 has been resolved by heteronuclear NMR spectroscopy. Overall, the hIL-21 structure is dominated by a well defined central four-helical bundle, arranged in an up-up-down-down topology, as observed for other cytokines. A segment of the hIL-21 molecule that includes the third helical segment, helix C, is observed to exist in two distinct and interchangeable states. In one conformer, the helix C segment is presented in a regular, alpha-helical conformation, whereas in the other conformer, this segment is largely disordered. A structure-based sequence alignment of hIL-21 with receptor complexes of the related cytokines, interleukin-2 and -4, implied that this particular segment is involved in receptor binding. An hIL-21 analog was designed to stabilize the region around helix C through the introduction of a segment grafted from hIL-4. This novel hIL-21 analog was demonstrated to exhibit a 10-fold increase in potency in a cellular assay.


==Overview==
The existence of multiple conformers of interleukin-21 directs engineering of a superpotent analogue.,Bondensgaard K, Breinholt J, Madsen D, Omkvist DH, Kang L, Worsaae A, Becker P, Schiodt CB, Hjorth SA J Biol Chem. 2007 Aug 10;282(32):23326-36. Epub 2007 Jun 12. PMID:17565991<ref>PMID:17565991</ref>
The high resolution three-dimensional structure of human interleukin (hIL)-21 has been resolved by heteronuclear NMR spectroscopy. Overall, the hIL-21 structure is dominated by a well defined central four-helical bundle, arranged in an up-up-down-down topology, as observed for other cytokines. A segment of the hIL-21 molecule that includes the third helical segment, helix C, is observed to exist in two distinct and interchangeable states. In one conformer, the helix C segment is presented in a regular, alpha-helical conformation, whereas in the other conformer, this segment is largely disordered. A structure-based sequence alignment of hIL-21 with receptor complexes of the related cytokines, interleukin-2 and -4, implied that this particular segment is involved in receptor binding. An hIL-21 analog was designed to stabilize the region around helix C through the introduction of a segment grafted from hIL-4. This novel hIL-21 analog was demonstrated to exhibit a 10-fold increase in potency in a cellular assay.


==About this Structure==
From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
2OQP is a [[Single protein]] structure of sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=2OQP OCA].
</div>
<div class="pdbe-citations 2oqp" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>


==Reference==
==See Also==
The existence of multiple conformers of interleukin-21 directs engineering of a superpotent analogue., Bondensgaard K, Breinholt J, Madsen D, Omkvist DH, Kang L, Worsaae A, Becker P, Schiodt CB, Hjorth SA, J Biol Chem. 2007 Aug 10;282(32):23326-36. Epub 2007 Jun 12. PMID:[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17565991 17565991]
*[[Interleukin 3D structures|Interleukin 3D structures]]
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Single protein]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Bondensgaard, K.]]
[[Category: Bondensgaard K]]
[[Category: Breinholt, J.]]
[[Category: Breinholt J]]
[[Category: Cytokine]]
[[Category: Four helix bundle]]
[[Category: Multiple conformer]]
''Page seeded by [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca OCA ] on Sun May  4 11:28:26 2008''
Retrieved from "https://proteopedia.org/2oqp"