Pilin: Difference between revisions
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[[Image:N_Teeerminal_Hydrophobic.png|alt text]] | [[Image:N_Teeerminal_Hydrophobic.png|alt text]] | ||
Highly Conserved N-Terminal Helix of the Type IVb | Highly Conserved N-Terminal Helix of the Type IVb Pilin | ||
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Type IV pili are diverse in function; they mediate numerous cellular functions via their polymeric machinery. These functions include cell adhesion, signaling, phage attachment, surface motility, biofilm formation and DNA uptake by natural transformation. Specifically, the type IVb pilus of ''Salmonella typhi'' is the adhesion factor that allows the pathogen to enter into the gastrointestinal cells of humans with ease. The first step in ''S.typhi'' pathogenesis is the type IVb pilus self-mediated self-association in the anerobic human small intestine preceding the entry into the human intestine epithelium <ref name=journal1>PMID:19626704</ref>. | Type IV pili are diverse in function; they mediate numerous cellular functions via their polymeric machinery. These functions include cell adhesion, signaling, phage attachment, surface motility, biofilm formation and DNA uptake by natural transformation. Specifically, the type IVb pilus of ''Salmonella typhi'' is the adhesion factor that allows the pathogen to enter into the gastrointestinal cells of humans with ease. The first step in ''S.typhi'' pathogenesis is the type IVb pilus self-mediated self-association in the anerobic human small intestine preceding the entry into the human intestine epithelium <ref name=journal1>PMID:19626704</ref>. | ||
The target receptor for the S. typhi pilus is a sequence of ten residues from the first extracellular domain of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator <ref name=journal2>Asha M. Balakrishna,Yvonne Yih-Wan Tan, Henry Yu-Keung Mok,Anand M. Saxena,and Kunchithapadam Swaminathan. Crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of Salmonella typhi PilS. 2006 October 1; 62(Pt 10): 1024–1026</ref>. | |||
The target receptor for the S. typhi pilus is a sequence of ten residues from the first extracellular domain of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator <ref name=journal2>Asha M. Balakrishna,Yvonne Yih-Wan Tan, Henry Yu-Keung Mok,Anand M. Saxena,and Kunchithapadam Swaminathan. Crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of Salmonella typhi PilS. 2006 October 1; 62(Pt 10): 1024–1026</ref>. It then causes typhoid by entering the enterocytes and specialized M cells of the small intestine. After entry, it is transferred to the intestinal submucosa and is taken up by host macrophages. The overall mechanism of the entry into the enterocytes is complicated and involves intercellular adhesins and intracellular signaling which change the host cell's vacuolar and cytoskeletal organization <ref name=journal1>PMID:19626704</ref>. | |||
