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==Hexokinase Type I== | ==Hexokinase Type I== | ||
Hexokinase Type I is one of four [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hexokinase hexokinase] isoenzymes that participate in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycolysis glycolysis]. Hexokinase catalyzes the phosphorylation of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/glucose glucose] into [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucose_6-phosphate glucose-6-phosphate] (G6P) providing enough activation energy for the glycolytic process to start. Thus hexokinase allows the muscle cells to take up glucose in the blood and use it as an energy source for different actions and expenditures.<ref name="two">Aleshin A., Bartunik G., Bourenkov G., Fromm H., Hozatko R., Kirby C., Liu X. Crystal structures of monomeric hexokinase type I reveal ADP binding site and conformational changes relevant to allosteric regulation. The Journal of Molecular Biology. 2002. '''294''': 1001-1015. PMID [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10686099 10686099]</ref> | Hexokinase Type I is one of four [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hexokinase hexokinase] isoenzymes that participate in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycolysis glycolysis]. Hexokinase catalyzes the phosphorylation of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/glucose glucose] into [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucose_6-phosphate glucose-6-phosphate] (G6P) providing enough activation energy for the glycolytic process to start. Thus hexokinase allows the muscle cells to take up glucose in the blood and use it as an energy source for different actions and expenditures.<ref name="two">Aleshin A., Bartunik G., Bourenkov G., Fromm H., Hozatko R., Kirby C., Liu X. Crystal structures of monomeric hexokinase type I reveal ADP binding site and conformational changes relevant to allosteric regulation. The Journal of Molecular Biology. 2002. '''294''': 1001-1015. PMID [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10686099 10686099]</ref> | ||
[[Image:Hexreaction.jpg|frame|center|'''Figure 1:''' The initial reaction of glycolysis involving hexokinase.<ref>Cummings R., Esko J., Freeze H., Hart G., Marth J., Varki A. Essentials of Glycobiology. 2nd Edition. Consortium of Glycobiology. 1999. 203</ref>]] | [[Image:Hexreaction.jpg|frame|center|'''Figure 1:''' The initial reaction of glycolysis involving hexokinase. This is a mechanism by which the influx of substrate into the glycolytic pathway is controlled.<ref>Cummings R., Esko J., Freeze H., Hart G., Marth J., Varki A. Essentials of Glycobiology. 2nd Edition. Consortium of Glycobiology. 1999. 203</ref>]] | ||
Hexokinase Type I is considered an enzyme of maintenence; it is unaffected by most physiological, metabolic and hormonal changes within the biological system.<ref>Henningsen C., Thaiss F., Zahner G. High glucose induces type I hexokinase gene expression in isolated glomeruli of diabetic rats and in mesangial cells. Nephron Physiology. 2003.'''93''':67-75.</ref> Hexokinase Type I is mainly found in mammalian tissues; it is crucial enzyme in maintaining a downward concentration gradient to provide a steady influx of glucose into cells.<ref name="two" /> | Hexokinase Type I is considered an enzyme of maintenence; it is unaffected by most physiological, metabolic and hormonal changes within the biological system.<ref>Henningsen C., Thaiss F., Zahner G. High glucose induces type I hexokinase gene expression in isolated glomeruli of diabetic rats and in mesangial cells. Nephron Physiology. 2003.'''93''':67-75.</ref> Hexokinase Type I is mainly found in mammalian tissues; it is crucial enzyme in maintaining a downward concentration gradient to provide a steady influx of glucose into cells.<ref name="two" /> | ||
==Introduction== | ==Introduction== | ||
