Sandbox 160: Difference between revisions

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{{STRUCTURE_1vc2| PDB=1vc2 | Scene =Sandbox_160/Newscene/1'>active site }}

Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is an Oxidoreductase enzyme involved in many important biochemical reactions and belongs to the Aldehyde Dehydrogenase superfamily<ref name="ref 6">PMID:9497334 (/ref>. GAPDH has been divided into two large classes and subsequent subclasses. Class 1 consists of eukaryotes and eubacteria whereas class 2 contains archael GAPDHs <ref name="ref 2">PMID:11846565 </ref>. It is involved in glycolysis, gluconeogenesis and in the case of photosynthetic organism, the carbon reduction cycle <ref name="ref 2"/>. This protein is responsible for catalyzing the conversion of glyceraldeyde 3-Phosphate into 1,3-Biphosphoglycerate in a two step coupled mechanism. This conversion occurs during step 6 or the beginning of the "payoff phase" of glycolysis (the second half of the entire process) in which ATP and NADH is produced. A total of 2 NADH and 4 ATP are produced during this phase for a net gain of 2 NADH and 2 ATP for the entire glycolysis pathway per glucose.A number of disease causing parasites particularly protists such as ''Trypanosoma brucei'' rely on glycolysis to provide the energy for their biochemical functions. Due to this, such parasites will heavily rely on GAPDH due to its intrinsic role in the glycolytic pathway and therefore targeting this enzyme complex can be a promising field of research. Subsequent pharmaceutical drug development and testing can then be conducted to provide protection against deadly viruses and disease. This protein has also been linked as acting as a nitric oxide sensor and plays roles in transcriptional regulation of genes along with translational silencing <ref name="ref 3">PMID:20014444 </ref>.

Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is an Oxidoreductase enzyme involved in many important biochemical reactions and belongs to the Aldehyde Dehydrogenase superfamily<ref name="ref 6">PMID:9497334 </ref>. GAPDH has been divided into two large classes and subsequent subclasses. Class 1 consists of eukaryotes and eubacteria whereas class 2 contains archael GAPDHs <ref name="ref 2">PMID:11846565 </ref>. It is involved in glycolysis, gluconeogenesis and in the case of photosynthetic organism, the carbon reduction cycle <ref name="ref 2"/>. This protein is responsible for catalyzing the conversion of glyceraldeyde 3-Phosphate into 1,3-Biphosphoglycerate in a two step coupled mechanism. This conversion occurs during step 6 or the beginning of the "payoff phase" of glycolysis (the second half of the entire process) in which ATP and NADH is produced. A total of 2 NADH and 4 ATP are produced during this phase for a net gain of 2 NADH and 2 ATP for the entire glycolysis pathway per glucose.A number of disease causing parasites particularly protists such as ''Trypanosoma brucei'' rely on glycolysis to provide the energy for their biochemical functions. Due to this, such parasites will heavily rely on GAPDH due to its intrinsic role in the glycolytic pathway and therefore targeting this enzyme complex can be a promising field of research. Subsequent pharmaceutical drug development and testing can then be conducted to provide protection against deadly viruses and disease. This protein has also been linked as acting as a nitric oxide sensor and plays roles in transcriptional regulation of genes along with translational silencing <ref name="ref 3">PMID:20014444 </ref>.

== Structure & Function ==

Sandbox 160: Difference between revisions

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 {{STRUCTURE_1vc2|  PDB=1vc2  | Scene =Sandbox_160/Newscene/1'>active site }}
-Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is an Oxidoreductase enzyme involved in many important biochemical reactions and belongs to the Aldehyde Dehydrogenase superfamily<ref name="ref 6">PMID:9497334 (/ref>. GAPDH has been divided into two large classes and subsequent subclasses. Class 1 consists of eukaryotes and eubacteria whereas class 2 contains archael GAPDHs <ref name="ref 2">PMID:11846565 </ref>. It is involved in glycolysis, gluconeogenesis and in the case of photosynthetic organism, the carbon reduction cycle <ref name="ref 2"/>. This protein is responsible for catalyzing the conversion of glyceraldeyde 3-Phosphate into 1,3-Biphosphoglycerate in a two step coupled mechanism. This conversion occurs during step 6 or the beginning of the "payoff phase" of glycolysis (the second half of the entire process) in which ATP and NADH is produced. A total of 2 NADH and 4 ATP are produced during this phase for a net gain of 2 NADH and 2 ATP for the entire glycolysis pathway per glucose.A number of disease causing parasites particularly protists such as ''Trypanosoma brucei'' rely on glycolysis to provide the energy for their biochemical functions. Due to this, such parasites will heavily rely on GAPDH due to its intrinsic role in the glycolytic pathway and therefore targeting this enzyme complex can be a promising field of research. Subsequent pharmaceutical drug development and testing can then be conducted to provide protection against deadly viruses and disease. This protein has also been linked as acting as a nitric oxide sensor and plays roles in transcriptional regulation of genes along with translational silencing <ref name="ref 3">PMID:20014444 </ref>.
+Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is an Oxidoreductase enzyme involved in many important biochemical reactions and belongs to the Aldehyde Dehydrogenase superfamily<ref name="ref 6">PMID:9497334 </ref>. GAPDH has been divided into two large classes and subsequent subclasses. Class 1 consists of eukaryotes and eubacteria whereas class 2 contains archael GAPDHs <ref name="ref 2">PMID:11846565 </ref>. It is involved in glycolysis, gluconeogenesis and in the case of photosynthetic organism, the carbon reduction cycle <ref name="ref 2"/>. This protein is responsible for catalyzing the conversion of glyceraldeyde 3-Phosphate into 1,3-Biphosphoglycerate in a two step coupled mechanism. This conversion occurs during step 6 or the beginning of the "payoff phase" of glycolysis (the second half of the entire process) in which ATP and NADH is produced. A total of 2 NADH and 4 ATP are produced during this phase for a net gain of 2 NADH and 2 ATP for the entire glycolysis pathway per glucose.A number of disease causing parasites particularly protists such as ''Trypanosoma brucei'' rely on glycolysis to provide the energy for their biochemical functions. Due to this, such parasites will heavily rely on GAPDH due to its intrinsic role in the glycolytic pathway and therefore targeting this enzyme complex can be a promising field of research. Subsequent pharmaceutical drug development and testing can then be conducted to provide protection against deadly viruses and disease. This protein has also been linked as acting as a nitric oxide sensor and plays roles in transcriptional regulation of genes along with translational silencing <ref name="ref 3">PMID:20014444 </ref>.
 == Structure & Function ==