Atropine: Difference between revisions
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=== Introduction and Background === | === Introduction and Background === | ||
Atropine is an alkaloid drug derived from levohyscocyamine, a plant compound found in the family Solanaceae<ref> Atropine. Encyclopedia Brittanica. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/42015/atropine</ref>. It's chemical name is 8-methyl-8-azabicycolo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl) 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate, and the most common medicinal form of atropine is atrophine sulfate ((C17H23NO3)2·H2SO4·H2O)<ref> Atropine. New World Encyclopedia. http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Atropine </ref>. It is a competitive | Atropine is an alkaloid drug derived from levohyscocyamine, a plant compound found in the family Solanaceae<ref> Atropine. Encyclopedia Brittanica. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/42015/atropine</ref>. It's chemical name is 8-methyl-8-azabicycolo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl) 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate, and the most common medicinal form of atropine is atrophine sulfate ((C17H23NO3)2·H2SO4·H2O)<ref> Atropine. New World Encyclopedia. http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Atropine </ref>. It is a competitive antagonist of both acetylcholine receptors and phospholipase 2A and has a variety of effects on both humans and animals. | ||
In humans, atropine is metabolized approximately 50%, hydrolyzed to tropine and toropic acid, and the remaining unchanged drug is excreted in the urine<ref> Atropine. New World Encyclopedia. http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Atropine </ref>. | |||
As a plant compound, Atropine has been used for hundreds of years. Its first recorded use was in the 4th year of B.C.E, where it was used to treat wounds, gout, sleeplessnes, and was even thought to be a love potion<ref> Atropine. New World Encyclopedia. http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Atropine </ref>. It was also used by Cleopatra and women in the Renaissance era to dilate their pupils to give them a more beautiful appearance<ref> Atropine. New World Encyclopedia. http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Atropine </ref>. It has since been studied extensively and, although it is inherently poisonous, it is now used for a wide spectrum of medical ailments. It can be given orally, intravenously, rectally, or subcutaneously (in animals). | As a plant compound, Atropine has been used for hundreds of years. Its first recorded use was in the 4th year of B.C.E, where it was used to treat wounds, gout, sleeplessnes, and was even thought to be a love potion<ref> Atropine. New World Encyclopedia. http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Atropine </ref>. It was also used by Cleopatra and women in the Renaissance era to dilate their pupils to give them a more beautiful appearance<ref> Atropine. New World Encyclopedia. http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Atropine </ref>. It has since been studied extensively and, although it is inherently poisonous, it is now used for a wide spectrum of medical ailments. It can be given orally, intravenously, rectally, or subcutaneously (in animals). | ||
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<applet load='2bg9' size='400' frame='true' align='right' Acetylcholine Receptor='' /> | <applet load='2bg9' size='400' frame='true' align='right' Acetylcholine Receptor='' /> | ||
=== Function and Basic Mechanism === | === Function and Basic Mechanism === | ||
