Sandbox Reserved 162: Difference between revisions
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== Functions == | == Functions == | ||
Interleukin 6 is released in response to infection, burns, trauma, and neoplasia (Citation). Additionally, it is a potent polyfunctional cytokine that plays a vital role in host defense. This is demonstrated by its ability to induce responses in the immune system, hematopoietic system, and in acute-phase reactions. In the immune system, IL-6 is an essential factor for antibody production in B cells and acts as a potent growth factor for myeloma cells. IL-6 also acts on the final maturation stage of activated B cells, can be effective on resting T cells, and induces differentiation of cytotoxic T cells. In the hematopoietic system, IL-6 (in combination with Interleukin-3) activates and accelarates the growth of hematopoietic stem cells during the G0 phase causing them to enter the G1 phase. With respect to acute-phase reactions, IL-6 plays a key role in enhancing the innate immune system by inducing the expression of mRNA's for proteins associated with acute-phase reactions. These proteins are resleased into blood plasma by liver cells and protect against tissue damage. Moreover, IL-6 is thought to cross the blood brain barrier and induce synthesis of Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in the hypothalmus which changes the | Interleukin 6 is released in response to infection, burns, trauma, and neoplasia (Citation). Additionally, it is a potent polyfunctional cytokine that plays a vital role in host defense. This is demonstrated by its ability to induce responses in the immune system, hematopoietic system, and in acute-phase reactions. In the immune system, IL-6 is an essential factor for antibody production in B cells and acts as a potent growth factor for myeloma cells. IL-6 also acts on the final maturation stage of activated B cells, can be effective on resting T cells, and induces differentiation of cytotoxic T cells. In the hematopoietic system, IL-6 (in combination with Interleukin-3) activates and accelarates the growth of hematopoietic stem cells during the G0 phase causing them to enter the G1 phase. With respect to acute-phase reactions, IL-6 plays a key role in enhancing the innate immune system by inducing the expression of mRNA's for proteins associated with acute-phase reactions. These proteins are resleased into blood plasma by liver cells and protect against tissue damage. Moreover, IL-6 is thought to cross the blood brain barrier and induce synthesis of Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in the hypothalmus which changes the body's temperature setpoint resulting in fever (Citation). | ||
== IL-6 Receptor == | == IL-6 Receptor Complex == | ||
<Structure load='1N26' size='400' frame='true' align='right' caption='Crystal Structure of the extra-cellular domains of Human Interleukin-6 Receptor alpha chain ' scene='Insert optional scene name here' />[[Image:1n26.png|200 px|left]] | <Structure load='1N26' size='400' frame='true' align='right' caption='Crystal Structure of the extra-cellular domains of Human Interleukin-6 Receptor alpha chain ' scene='Insert optional scene name here' />[[Image:1n26.png|200 px|left]] | ||
The IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) is located on the surface of resting normal T-cells, activated normal B-cells, myeloid cell lines, hepatoma cell lines, and myeloma cell lines (Citation). | The IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) is located on the surface of resting normal T-cells, activated normal B-cells, myeloid cell lines, hepatoma cell lines, and myeloma cell lines (Citation). The IL-6R complex is composed of two molecules of IL-6 and two molecules of IL-6R, along with the signaling molecule gp130 (Citation). | ||
== Clinical Applications == | == Clinical Applications == | ||
