Sandbox Reserved 325: Difference between revisions

in Michaelis-Menten kinetics it has Km of 0.5 ± 0.05 mM and Kcat of 60 s^-1 <ref name="pizza" />.

Chorismate mutase is an essential enzyme in the shikimate pathway <ref name="pizza"> PMID:17146044 </ref>. This pathway allows for the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids tryptophan, tyrosine, and phenylalanine <ref name="pizza" />. The production of tyrosine and phenylalanine is achieved by what is called a Claisen rearrangement<ref name="pizza" / >. First by converting chorismate to prephenate<ref name="pizza" />. Prephenate then reacts with prephenate dehydratase and prephenate dehydrogenase which forms phenylpyruvate and hydroxyphenylpyruvate<ref name="pizza" / >. After this occurs, aminotransferase converts hydroxy-phenylpyruvate and phenylpyruvate to phenylalanine and tyrosine <ref name="pizza" />. Chorismate mutase provides a 2x10⁶ fold increase in the rate of reaction, in comparison to the uncatalyzed reaction <ref > P.D. Lyne, A.J. Mulholland, W.G. Richards. Insights into chorismate mutase catalysis from a combined qm/mm simulation of the enzyme reaction. Journal of the American Chemistry Society. 1995 117(45):11345-11350</ref>. It is the only example of an enzyme catalyzing a percyclic reaction <ref name="strat"> PMID:10960481 </ref>

Tuberculosis has developed various mechanisms to survive in hostile environments <ref name="CMArt2" />. The emergence of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis and other diseases such as AIDS compound the problem of how to treat tuberculosis <ref name="CMArt2" />. Chorismate mutase may be involved in pathogenesis <ref name="pizza" />. Researchers are currently looking into new antimicrobial drugs for diseases such as tuberculosis <ref name="pizza" />. These new drugs would take advantage of the fact that chorismate mutase and the shikimate pathway do not occur in humans, to target and treat various forms of tuberculosis <ref name="pizza" />. ''M. tuberculosis'' chorismate mustase is believed to have a role in the survival of ''M. tuberculosis'' <ref name="CMArt2" />. Two genes in ''M. tuberculosis'', Rv0948c and Rv1885c code for chorismate mutase <ref name="CMArt2" />. These help support ''M. tuberculosis'' when aromatic amino acids, such as tryptophan, tyrosine, and phenylalanine, are deficient <ref name="CMArt2" />. Some researchers have proposed that a proline-rich section of ''M. tuberculosis'' chorismate mutase might be responsible for it binding to the surface receptors on the host cell marcophages <ref name="CMW1"> PMID: 16752890 </ref>.