Trypsin: Difference between revisions
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<applet scene='Sandbox_32/Chymotrypsin/1' size='275' frame='true' align='true' align='left' caption='Structure of Chymotrypsin and Elastase.'/> | <applet scene='Sandbox_32/Chymotrypsin/1' size='275' frame='true' align='true' align='left' caption='Structure of Chymotrypsin and Elastase.'/> | ||
Trypsin, chymotrypsin, and elastase are all digestive enzymes that are produced in the pancreas and catalyze the hydrolysis of peptide bonds. Each of these enzymes has different specificities in regards to the side chains next to the peptide bond. Chymotrypsin prefers a large hydrophobic residue, trypsin is specific for a positively charged residue, and elastase prefers a small neutral residue. Chymotrypsin, trypsin and elastase are all proteins that contain a catalytic mechanism and hydrolyze peptides using the serine protease mechanism. Chymotrypsin and elastase are both homologs of Trypsin since they are 40% alike in structure and composition <ref> Pratt, C.W., Voet, D., Voet, J.G. Fundamentals of Biochemistry - Life at the Molecular Level - Third Edition. Voet, Voet and Pratt, 2008. </ref>. In the <scene name='Sandbox_32/Chymotrypsin/2'>Chymotrypsin</scene> structure shown the alpha helices are blue, the beta sheets are green, and the remainder of the protein is red. In the <scene name='Sandbox_32/Elastase/2'>Elastase</scene> structure shown the alpha helices are in red, the beta sheets are yellow, and the remainder of the protein is orange. | Trypsin, chymotrypsin, and elastase are all digestive enzymes that are produced in the pancreas and catalyze the hydrolysis of peptide bonds. Each of these enzymes has different specificities in regards to the side chains next to the peptide bond. Chymotrypsin prefers a large hydrophobic residue, trypsin is specific for a positively charged residue, and elastase prefers a small neutral residue. Chymotrypsin, trypsin and elastase are all proteins that contain a catalytic mechanism and hydrolyze peptides using the serine protease mechanism. Chymotrypsin and elastase are both homologs of Trypsin since they are 40% alike in structure and composition <ref> Pratt, C.W., Voet, D., Voet, J.G. Fundamentals of Biochemistry - Life at the Molecular Level - Third Edition. Voet, Voet and Pratt, 2008. </ref>. In the <scene name='Sandbox_32/Chymotrypsin/2'>Chymotrypsin</scene> structure shown the alpha helices are blue, the beta sheets are green, and the remainder of the protein is red. In the <scene name='Sandbox_32/Elastase/2'>Elastase</scene> structure shown the alpha helices are in red, the beta sheets are yellow, and the remainder of the protein is orange. | ||
==3D structures of Trypsin== | |||
===Cationic trypsin=== | |||
[[3nk8]], [[3nkk]], [[3mi4]], [[3mfj]], [[3iti]], [[2d8w]], [[2by5]], [[2by6]], [[2by7]], [[2by8]], [[2by9]], [[2bya]], [[2blv]], [[2blw]], [[2a7h]], [[1s0q]], [[1uto]], [[1utp]], [[1utq]], [[1utn]], [[1n6x]], [[1n6y]], [[1hj9]], [[2ptn]], [[3ptn]] – bTry1 - bovine<br /> | |||
[[3qk1]] – bTry1 (mutant) <br /> | |||
[[1utk]], [[1utj]], [[1utl]], [[1utm]], [[1hj8]] – Try1 – Salmon<br /> | |||
[[1trn]] – hTry1 – human<br /> | |||
[[3ljj]], [[3ljo]], [[3a7t]], [[3a7v]], [[3a7w]], [[3a7x]], [[3a7y]], [[3a7z]], [[3a80]], [[3a81]], [[3a82]], [[3a83]], [[3a84]], [[3a85]], [[3a86]], [[3a87]], [[3a88]], [[3a89]], [[3a8b]], [[3a8a]], [[3a8c]], [[3a8d]], [[3m35]], [[3aas]], [[3aau]], [[3aav]], [[3gy2]], [[3gy3]], [[3gy4]], [[3gy5]], [[3gy6]], [[3gy7]], [[3gy8]], [[2zq1]], [[2zq2]], [[2zhd]], [[2zfs]], [[2zft]], [[2zdk]], [[2zdl]], [[2zdm]], [[2zdn]], [[2oxs]], [[2otv]], [[2g8t]], [[2g5n]], [[2g5v]], [[2ah4]], [[2fx4]], [[2fx6]], [[2yp9]], [[2ayw]], [[1y3u]], [[1y3v]], [[1y3w]], [[1y3x]], [[1y3y]], [[1tx8]], [[1tx7]], [[1s0r]], [[1rxp]], [[1o2q]], [[1o2r]], [[1o2s]], [[1o2t]], [[1o2u]], [[1o2v]], [[1o2w]], [[1o2x]], [[1o2y]], [[1o2z]], [[1o30]], [[1o31]], [[1o32]], [[1o33]], [[1o34]], [[1o35]], [[1o36]], [[1o37]], [[1o38]], [[1o39]], [[1o3a]], [[1o3b]], [[1o3c]], [[1o3d]], [[1o3e]], [[1o3f]], [[1o3g]], [[1o3h]], [[1o3i]], [[1o3j]], [[1o3k]], [[1o3l]], [[1o3m]], [[1o3n]], [[1o3o]], [[1o3p]], [[1o2l]], [[1o2k]], [[1o2j]], [[1o2i]], [[1o2h]], [[1o2m]], [[1o2n]], [[1o2o]], [[1o2p]], [[1lqe]], [[1oyq]], [[1eb2]], [[1k1i]], [[1k1j]], [[1k1l]], [[1k1m]], [[1k1n]], [[1k1o]], [[1k1p]], [[1g36]], [[1j8a]], [[1jir]], [[1g3b]], [[1g3c]], [[1g3d]], [[1g3e]], [[1g9i]], [[1f0t]], [[1f0u]], [[1c1n]], [[1c1o]], [[1c1p]], [[1c1q]], [[1c1r]], [[1c1s]], [[1c1t]], [[1c2d]], [[1c2e]], [[1c2f]], [[1c2g]], [[1c2h]], [[1c2i]], [[1c2j]], [[1c2k]], [[1c2l]], [[1c2m]], [[1qbn]], [[1qbo]], [[1qb9]], [[1qb1]], [[1qb6]], [[1qa0]], [[1qcp]], [[1ce5]], [[2bza]], [[1az8]], [[1xuf]], [[1xug]], [[1bju]], [[1bjv]], [[1xuh]], [[1xui]], [[1xuj]], [[1xuk]], [[1auj]], [[2tio]], [[1tio]], [[1aq7]] - bTry1 + small molecule inhibitor<br /> | |||
[[1v2j]], [[1v2l]], [[1v2m]], [[1v2n]], [[1v2o]], [[1v2p]], [[1v2q]], [[1v2r]], [[1v2s]], [[1v2t]], [[1v2u]], [[1v2v]], [[1v2w]] - bTry1 (mutant) + small molecule inhibitor<br /> | |||
[[3m7q]], [[2xtt]], [[3e8l]], [[3otj]], [[3i29]], [[3d65]], [[2qyi]], [[2qn5]], [[2o9q]], [[2plx]], [[2cmy]], [[2iln]], [[2uuy]], [[2j9n]], [[2g81]], [[2age]], [[2agg]], [[2agi]], [[2ftl]], [[2ftm]], [[2fi3]], [[2fi4]], [[2fi5]], [[1zr0]], [[1ox1]], [[1p2i]], [[1p2j]], [[1p2k]], [[1ejm]], [[1f2s]], [[3bte]], [[3btq]], [[3btd]], [[3btf]], [[3btg]], [[3bth]], [[3btk]], [[3btm]], [[3btt]], [[3btw]], [[2btc]], [[1sbw]], [[1taw]], [[1smf]], [[1ppc]], [[1ppe]], [[1pph]], [[2tld]], [[1tab]], [[1tpa]] – bTry1 + proteinase inhibitor<br /> | |||
[[2ra3]], [[1oph]] - bTry1 (mutant) + proteinase inhibitor<br /> | |||
[[1jrs]], [[1jrt]] – bTry1 + polypeptide<br /> | |||
[[2eek]] – Try1 + inhibitor – Atlantic cod | |||
===Cationic trypsinogen=== | |||
[[1tgc]], [[1tgt]], [[2tga]], [[2tgt]], [[1tgb]] – bTryp1<br /> | |||
[[1d6r]], [[4tpi]], [[1tgs]], [[2tgp]], [[3tpi]], [[2tpi]] - bTryp1 + proteinase inhibitor<br /> | |||
===Cationic β-trypsinogen=== | |||
[[1tld]], [[1tpo]] - β-bTry1<br /> | |||
[[1ntp]] - β-bTry1 – Neutron diffraction<br /> | |||
[[1max]], [[1may]], [[1btp]], [[1bty]], [[1tps]], [[1tyn]], [[1tng]], [[1tnh]], [[1tni]], [[1tnj]], [[1tnk]], [[1tnl]], [[1gbt]], [[1tpp]], [[3ptb]] - β-bTry1 + small molecule inhibitor<br /> | |||
[[1btw]], [[1btx]], [[1btz]] - β-bTry1 + polypeptide<br /> | |||
[[2ptc]] - β-bTry1 + proteinase inhibitor<br /> | |||
===Anionic trypsin=== | |||
[[2zpq]], [[2zpr]], [[2zps]], [[1mbq]] – Try2 – Chum salmon<br /> | |||
[[1bit]], [[2tbs]] - AsTry2 – Atlantic salmon<br /> | |||
[[2sta]], [[2stb]], [[1bzx]] - AsTry2 + proteinase inhibitor<br /> | |||
[[1a0j]] - AsTry2 + small molecule inhibitor<br /> | |||
[[1ane]], [[1bra]] - rTry2]] - rat<br /> | |||
[[1amh]], [[1dpo]], [[1anb]], [[1anc]], [[1and]], [[1trm]], [[2trm]] - rTry2 (mutant) <br /> | |||
[[3fp6]], [[3tgi]], [[1brb]], [[1brc]] – rTry2 + proteinase inhibitor<br /> | |||
[[3fp7]], [[3fp8]], [[1ykt]], [[1ylc]], [[1yld]], [[1co7]], [[1k9o]], [[1slu]], [[1slv]], [[1slw]], [[1slx]] - rTry2 (mutant) + proteinase inhibitor<br /> | |||
[[1j14]], [[1j15]], [[1j16]], [[1j17]] - rTry2 (mutant) + small molecule inhibitor<br /> | |||
===Anionic trypsinogen=== | |||
[[1f5r]], [[1f7z]], [[3tgk]], [[1ezs]], [[1ezu]], [[3tgj]] - rTryp2 (mutant) + proteinase inhibitor<br /> | |||
[[1fy8]] - rTryp2 + proteinase inhibitor<br /> | |||
===Mesotrypsin=== | |||
[[3l33]] – hTry3 (mutant) + amyloid β A4<br /> | |||
[[3l3t]] - hTry3 residues 28-251 (mutant) + amyloid β precursor<br /> | |||
[[2r9p]] – hTry3 (mutant) + BPTI | |||
===Brain trypsin=== | |||
[[1h4w]] – hTry4 + small molecule inhibitor<br /> | |||
===Neurotrypsin=== | |||
[[2k4r]], [[2k51]] – rNTry Kringle domain – NMR | |||
===Streptomyces griseus trypsin=== | |||
[[3i77]], [[3i78]], [[1os8]], [[1sgt]] – SGT – Streptomyces griseus<br /> | |||
[[3beu]], [[2fmj]] – SGT (mutant) <br /> | |||
[[1oss]] - SGT (mutant) + small molecule inhibitor<br /> | |||
[[1s81]] – pTry – pig<br /> | |||
[[1aks]] - α-pTry<br /> | |||
[[1ept]] - ε-pTry<br /> | |||
[[1mct]] - β-pTry + proteinase inhibitor<br /> | |||
[[3myw]], [[1yf4]], [[1z7k]], [[1tx6]], [[1v6d]], [[1uhb]], [[1h9h]], [[1h9i]], [[1eja]], [[1c9p]], [[1avw]], [[1avx]], [[1ldt]], [[1tfx]] – pTry + proteinase inhibitor<br /> | |||
[[2a31]], [[2a32]], [[1s5s]], [[1s6f]], [[1s6h]], [[1s82]], [[1s83]], [[1s84]], [[1s85]], [[1fmg]], [[1fn6]], [[1fni]], [[1qqu]] – pTry + small molecule inhibitor<br /> | |||
[[2vu8 – Try + proteinase inhibitor – mold<br /> | |||
[[2g51]], [[2g52]], [[2g55]], [[1xvo]], [[1pq5]], [[1pq7]] – FoTry – Fusarium oxysporum<br /> | |||
[[1ppz]], [[1pqa]], [[1try]] - FoTry + small molecule inhibitor<br /> | |||
[[1xvm]], [[1pq8]], [[1fn8]], [[1fy4]], [[1fy5]], [[1gdn]], [[1gdq]], [[1gdu]] – FoTry + polypeptide<br /> | |||
[[2f91]] – Try-hepatopancreas]] - Crayfish | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
