Ubiquitin Structure & Function: Difference between revisions
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There are numerous diseases that may develop as a result of ubiquitin abnormalities. There are two disease categories possible in non-lethal states. One being the result of function loss and the other being function gain. Loss of function may occur due to a target substrate mutation or a mutation in a ubiquitin enzyme causing protein stabilization and a decrease in protein degradation. Function gain, on the other hand, results in an increase in protein degradation. | There are numerous diseases that may develop as a result of ubiquitin abnormalities. There are two disease categories possible in non-lethal states. One being the result of function loss and the other being function gain. Loss of function may occur due to a target substrate mutation or a mutation in a ubiquitin enzyme causing protein stabilization and a decrease in protein degradation. Function gain, on the other hand, results in an increase in protein degradation. | ||
Cancer may result from either case. Oncoproteins may become stabilized while tumor suppressor genes may become destabilized. Liddle's Syndrome is a type of early-onset hypertension<ref name="liddles">PMID: 8521520</ref>. Sodium ions and water are excessively reabsorbed caused by E3 ligase non-recognition. Angleman syndrome is caused by a E3 ligase defect. This defect causes affects in human brain development resulting in symptoms such as mental retardation, seizures and abnormal gait. Lastly, neurogenetive diseases are caused by the accumulation of ubiquitin-conjugates. Diseases of this nature include Alzheimers and Parkinson's. | Cancer may result from either case. Oncoproteins may become stabilized while tumor suppressor genes may become destabilized. Liddle's Syndrome is a type of early-onset hypertension<ref name="liddles">PMID: 8521520</ref>. Sodium ions and water are excessively reabsorbed caused by E3 ligase non-recognition. Angleman syndrome is caused by a E3 ligase defect. This defect causes affects in human brain development resulting in symptoms such as mental retardation, seizures and abnormal gait. Lastly, neurogenetive diseases are caused by the accumulation of ubiquitin-conjugates. Diseases of this nature include Alzheimers and Parkinson's. | ||
Infectious agents can manipulate ubiquitin or deubiquitination and one such protein is Chlamydia trachomatis. Chlamydia trachomatis' protein Cdu-1 catalyzes the hydrolysis of ubiquitin chains from Mcl-1. When polyubiquitnated, Mcl-1 is destined to be degraded by the proteasome, lowering the level of Mcl-1 and subsequently leading to apoptosis. The activity of Cdu-1 counteracts this by removing the ubiquitin, thus leading to higher levels of Mcl-1 in the cell. Additional information can be found here [[User:Karsten Theis/5B5Q]] | |||
==3D structures of ubiqitin== | ==3D structures of ubiqitin== | ||
[[Ubiquitin]] | [[Ubiquitin]] | ||
=References= | =References= | ||
<references/> | <references/> | ||
