Anthrax Lethal Factor: Difference between revisions
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==Introduction== | |||
'''Pertussis Toxins''' (PT) is a protein-based exotoxin and major virulence factor produced by the bacterium [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordetella_pertussis ''Bordetella pertussis''].<ref name=Hazes>PMID: 8637000</ref> PT causes [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whooping_cough pertussis], which is also known at [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1PajbAKd8Kg whooping cough] and is highly contagious bacterial disease. The disease is caused by the bacterium colonizing the respiratory tract where it then establishes an infection.<ref name=Carbonetti>PMID: 14573656</ref> This disease had been characterized by severe coughing that can last up to six weeks and in some countries lasting nearly 100 days.<ref name=Carbonetti>PMID: 17418639</ref>It has been documented in some cases that PT can cause [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subconjunctival_hemorrhage subconjunctival hemorrhages], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rib_fracture rib fractures], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hernias hernias], fainting and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertebral_artery_dissection vertebral artery dissection].<ref name=cornia>PMID: 20736473</ref> | |||
As of 2010, the worldwide incidence of whooping cough has been estimated to 48.5 million cases and nearly 295,000 deaths per year.<ref name=Bettiol>PMID: 20091541</ref> With that in mind, whooping cough can affect people of any age; however, before vaccines were available the disease was most common in infants and young children but now children are immunized and the high percentage of cases are seen among adolescents. | |||
==Introduction== | |||
'''Pertussis Toxins''' (PT) is a protein-based exotoxin and major virulence factor produced by the bacterium [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordetella_pertussis ''Bordetella pertussis''].<ref name=Hazes>PMID: 8637000</ref> PT causes [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whooping_cough pertussis], which is also known at [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1PajbAKd8Kg whooping cough] and is highly contagious bacterial disease. The disease is caused by the bacterium colonizing the respiratory tract where it then establishes an infection.<ref name=Carbonetti>PMID: 14573656</ref> This disease had been characterized by severe coughing that can last up to six weeks and in some countries lasting nearly 100 days.<ref name=Carbonetti>PMID: 17418639</ref>It has been documented in some cases that PT can cause [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subconjunctival_hemorrhage subconjunctival hemorrhages], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rib_fracture rib fractures], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hernias hernias], fainting and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertebral_artery_dissection vertebral artery dissection].<ref name=cornia>PMID: 20736473</ref> | |||
As of 2010, the worldwide incidence of whooping cough has been estimated to 48.5 million cases and nearly 295,000 deaths per year.<ref name=Bettiol>PMID: 20091541</ref> With that in mind, whooping cough can affect people of any age; however, before vaccines were available the disease was most common in infants and young children but now children are immunized and the high percentage of cases are seen among adolescents. | |||
==Introduction== | |||
'''Pertussis Toxins''' (PT) is a protein-based exotoxin and major virulence factor produced by the bacterium [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordetella_pertussis ''Bordetella pertussis''].<ref name=Hazes>PMID: 8637000</ref> PT causes [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whooping_cough pertussis], which is also known at [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1PajbAKd8Kg whooping cough] and is highly contagious bacterial disease. The disease is caused by the bacterium colonizing the respiratory tract where it then establishes an infection.<ref name=Carbonetti>PMID: 14573656</ref> This disease had been characterized by severe coughing that can last up to six weeks and in some countries lasting nearly 100 days.<ref name=Carbonetti>PMID: 17418639</ref>It has been documented in some cases that PT can cause [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subconjunctival_hemorrhage subconjunctival hemorrhages], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rib_fracture rib fractures], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hernias hernias], fainting and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertebral_artery_dissection vertebral artery dissection].<ref name=cornia>PMID: 20736473</ref> | |||
As of 2010, the worldwide incidence of whooping cough has been estimated to 48.5 million cases and nearly 295,000 deaths per year.<ref name=Bettiol>PMID: 20091541</ref> With that in mind, whooping cough can affect people of any age; however, before vaccines were available the disease was most common in infants and young children but now children are immunized and the high percentage of cases are seen among adolescents. | |||
==Introduction== | |||
'''Pertussis Toxins''' (PT) is a protein-based exotoxin and major virulence factor produced by the bacterium [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordetella_pertussis ''Bordetella pertussis''].<ref name=Hazes>PMID: 8637000</ref> PT causes [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whooping_cough pertussis], which is also known at [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1PajbAKd8Kg whooping cough] and is highly contagious bacterial disease. The disease is caused by the bacterium colonizing the respiratory tract where it then establishes an infection.<ref name=Carbonetti>PMID: 14573656</ref> This disease had been characterized by severe coughing that can last up to six weeks and in some countries lasting nearly 100 days.<ref name=Carbonetti>PMID: 17418639</ref>It has been documented in some cases that PT can cause [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subconjunctival_hemorrhage subconjunctival hemorrhages], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rib_fracture rib fractures], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hernias hernias], fainting and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertebral_artery_dissection vertebral artery dissection].<ref name=cornia>PMID: 20736473</ref> | |||
As of 2010, the worldwide incidence of whooping cough has been estimated to 48.5 million cases and nearly 295,000 deaths per year.<ref name=Bettiol>PMID: 20091541</ref> With that in mind, whooping cough can affect people of any age; however, before vaccines were available the disease was most common in infants and young children but now children are immunized and the high percentage of cases are seen among adolescents. | |||
Revision as of 08:55, 25 November 2011
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Introduction
Pertussis Toxins (PT) is a protein-based exotoxin and major virulence factor produced by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis.[1] PT causes pertussis, which is also known at whooping cough and is highly contagious bacterial disease. The disease is caused by the bacterium colonizing the respiratory tract where it then establishes an infection.[2] This disease had been characterized by severe coughing that can last up to six weeks and in some countries lasting nearly 100 days.[2]It has been documented in some cases that PT can cause subconjunctival hemorrhages, rib fractures, hernias, fainting and vertebral artery dissection.[3]
As of 2010, the worldwide incidence of whooping cough has been estimated to 48.5 million cases and nearly 295,000 deaths per year.[4] With that in mind, whooping cough can affect people of any age; however, before vaccines were available the disease was most common in infants and young children but now children are immunized and the high percentage of cases are seen among adolescents.
Introduction
Pertussis Toxins (PT) is a protein-based exotoxin and major virulence factor produced by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis.[1] PT causes pertussis, which is also known at whooping cough and is highly contagious bacterial disease. The disease is caused by the bacterium colonizing the respiratory tract where it then establishes an infection.[2] This disease had been characterized by severe coughing that can last up to six weeks and in some countries lasting nearly 100 days.[2]It has been documented in some cases that PT can cause subconjunctival hemorrhages, rib fractures, hernias, fainting and vertebral artery dissection.[3]
As of 2010, the worldwide incidence of whooping cough has been estimated to 48.5 million cases and nearly 295,000 deaths per year.[4] With that in mind, whooping cough can affect people of any age; however, before vaccines were available the disease was most common in infants and young children but now children are immunized and the high percentage of cases are seen among adolescents.
Introduction
Pertussis Toxins (PT) is a protein-based exotoxin and major virulence factor produced by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis.[1] PT causes pertussis, which is also known at whooping cough and is highly contagious bacterial disease. The disease is caused by the bacterium colonizing the respiratory tract where it then establishes an infection.[2] This disease had been characterized by severe coughing that can last up to six weeks and in some countries lasting nearly 100 days.[2]It has been documented in some cases that PT can cause subconjunctival hemorrhages, rib fractures, hernias, fainting and vertebral artery dissection.[3]
As of 2010, the worldwide incidence of whooping cough has been estimated to 48.5 million cases and nearly 295,000 deaths per year.[4] With that in mind, whooping cough can affect people of any age; however, before vaccines were available the disease was most common in infants and young children but now children are immunized and the high percentage of cases are seen among adolescents.
Introduction
Pertussis Toxins (PT) is a protein-based exotoxin and major virulence factor produced by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis.[1] PT causes pertussis, which is also known at whooping cough and is highly contagious bacterial disease. The disease is caused by the bacterium colonizing the respiratory tract where it then establishes an infection.[2] This disease had been characterized by severe coughing that can last up to six weeks and in some countries lasting nearly 100 days.[2]It has been documented in some cases that PT can cause subconjunctival hemorrhages, rib fractures, hernias, fainting and vertebral artery dissection.[3]
As of 2010, the worldwide incidence of whooping cough has been estimated to 48.5 million cases and nearly 295,000 deaths per year.[4] With that in mind, whooping cough can affect people of any age; however, before vaccines were available the disease was most common in infants and young children but now children are immunized and the high percentage of cases are seen among adolescents.
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Hazes B, Boodhoo A, Cockle SA, Read RJ. Crystal structure of the pertussis toxin-ATP complex: a molecular sensor. J Mol Biol. 1996 May 17;258(4):661-71. PMID:8637000 doi:10.1006/jmbi.1996.0277
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 Carbonetti NH, Artamonova GV, Mays RM, Worthington ZE. Pertussis toxin plays an early role in respiratory tract colonization by Bordetella pertussis. Infect Immun. 2003 Nov;71(11):6358-66. PMID:14573656 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "Carbonetti" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Cornia PB, Hersh AL, Lipsky BA, Newman TB, Gonzales R. Does this coughing adolescent or adult patient have pertussis? JAMA. 2010 Aug 25;304(8):890-6. PMID:20736473 doi:10.1001/jama.2010.1181
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Bettiol S, Thompson MJ, Roberts NW, Perera R, Heneghan CJ, Harnden A. Symptomatic treatment of the cough in whooping cough. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010 Jan 20;(1):CD003257. PMID:20091541 doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003257.pub3
