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Aromatase belongs to the cytochrome P450 family (CYP). During aromatization reactions, aromatase forms an electron-transfer complex with its partner, NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase. This enzyme is localized in the endoplasmic reticulum of the cell, and tissue specific promoters regulate its activity.<ref> PMID:21125383 </ref> In a number of species, including humans, aromatase can be found throughout the body in places such as the brain, gonads, blood vessels, endometrium, skin, bone and tissues including the placenta and adipose tissue.<ref> PMID: 11427156 </ref> | Aromatase belongs to the cytochrome P450 family (CYP). During aromatization reactions, aromatase forms an electron-transfer complex with its partner, NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase. This enzyme is localized in the endoplasmic reticulum of the cell, and tissue specific promoters regulate its activity.<ref> PMID:21125383 </ref> In a number of species, including humans, aromatase can be found throughout the body in places such as the brain, gonads, blood vessels, endometrium, skin, bone and tissues including the placenta and adipose tissue.<ref> PMID: 11427156 </ref> | ||
== Function == | == Function == | ||
The primary function of aromatase is to produce estrogens by aromatizing androgens. Aromatase is the only known enzyme in vertebrates capable of catalyzing the aromatization of a six-membered ring<ref name="structure"> Ghosh, D., Griswold, J., Erman, M., Pangborn, W. " X-ray Structure of Human Aromatase Reveals An Androgen-Specific Active Site" [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2826573/]</ref>. Aromatase converts androstenedione to estrogen and testosterone to estradiol.<ref name="products" /> Aromatase is also a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of estrogens through a process called steroidogenesis. This enzyme helps produce the female sex hormone, estrogen, that helps to fuel the growth of hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. | The primary function of aromatase is to produce estrogens by aromatizing androgens. Aromatase is the only known enzyme in vertebrates capable of catalyzing the aromatization of a six-membered ring<ref name="structure"> Ghosh, D., Griswold, J., Erman, M., Pangborn, W. " X-ray Structure of Human Aromatase Reveals An Androgen-Specific Active Site" ''Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology''. [Online] '''2010''',Vol. 118, Issue 4-5, p197-202. [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2826573/]</ref>. Aromatase converts androstenedione to estrogen and testosterone to estradiol.<ref name="products" /> Aromatase is also a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of estrogens through a process called steroidogenesis. This enzyme helps produce the female sex hormone, estrogen, that helps to fuel the growth of hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. | ||
There are many environmental factors that affect the activity of the aromatase enzyme and disrupt its function. Factors that increase the activity of the enzyme include age, obesity, gonadotropins, insulin, anti-m llerian hormone, alcohol and smoking.<ref name="products"> "Aromatase Products" [http://www.novusbio.com/aromatase#13225047480835&ga_enabled%3B0] </ref> | There are many environmental factors that affect the activity of the aromatase enzyme and disrupt its function. Factors that increase the activity of the enzyme include age, obesity, gonadotropins, insulin, anti-m llerian hormone, alcohol and smoking.<ref name="products"> "Aromatase Products" [http://www.novusbio.com/aromatase#13225047480835&ga_enabled%3B0] </ref> | ||
