Sandbox 212: Difference between revisions
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Carnitine acyltransferases are a large family of enzymes that play a main role in cellular energy metabolism, i.e. fatty acid oxidation. These enzymes catalyze the reversible exchange of acyl groups between coenzyme A and carnitine. | Carnitine acyltransferases are a large family of enzymes that play a main role in cellular energy metabolism, i.e. fatty acid oxidation. These enzymes catalyze the reversible exchange of acyl groups between coenzyme A and carnitine. | ||
Carnitine acyltransferases include three different classes of enzymes which are known as carnitine acetyltransferases (CrATs), carnitine octanoyltransferases (CrOTs) and carnitine palmityltransferase (CPTs). "The three classes differ in their acyl group specificity as well as their localization." <ref> Donghai Wu‡, Lakshmanan Govindasamy§, Wei Lian‡, Yunrong Gu‡, Thomas Kukar‡,Mavis Agbandje-McKenna§, and Robert McKenna§¶.Structure of Human Carnitine Acetyltransferase.Published, JBC Papers in Press, January 31, 2003 DOI 10.1074/jbc.M21235620</ref> | Carnitine acyltransferases include three different classes of enzymes which are known as carnitine acetyltransferases (CrATs), carnitine octanoyltransferases (CrOTs) and carnitine palmityltransferase (CPTs). "The three classes differ in their acyl group specificity as well as their localization." <ref name="JBC">Donghai Wu‡, Lakshmanan Govindasamy§, Wei Lian‡, Yunrong Gu‡, Thomas Kukar‡,Mavis Agbandje-McKenna§, and Robert McKenna§¶.Structure of Human Carnitine Acetyltransferase.Published, JBC Papers in Press, January 31, 2003 DOI 10.1074/jbc.M21235620</ref> | ||
In this entry we will focus on the structure of carnitine acetyltransferase as a representitive of carnitine acyltransferases. Determining the structure and thus the molecular basis for fatty acid transfer is needed for drug development.Being major enzymes in fatty acid oxidation carnitine acyltransferases are viewed as promising targets which can be used to develop successful therapeutics against type 2 diabetes, obesity and other human diseases. | In this entry we will focus on the structure of carnitine acetyltransferase as a representitive of carnitine acyltransferases. Determining the structure and thus the molecular basis for fatty acid transfer is needed for drug development.Being major enzymes in fatty acid oxidation carnitine acyltransferases are viewed as promising targets which can be used to develop successful therapeutics against type 2 diabetes, obesity and other human diseases. | ||
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Carnitine octanoyltransferases (COTs) show medium chain fatty acid substrate preference and are mainly found in peroxisomes. | Carnitine octanoyltransferases (COTs) show medium chain fatty acid substrate preference and are mainly found in peroxisomes. | ||
Carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPTs) have long chain fatty acids substrate preference and are found in the outer mitochondrial | Carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPTs) have long chain fatty acids substrate preference and are found in the outer mitochondrial | ||
membrane and the mitochondrial matrix. | membrane and the mitochondrial matrix.<ref name="JBC"/> | ||
* '''The role of carnitine acyltransferases in fatty acid oxidation''' | * '''The role of carnitine acyltransferases in fatty acid oxidation''' | ||
