Papain: Difference between revisions
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==Introduction== | ===Introduction=== | ||
<scene name='Sandbox_35/Papain/1'>Papain</scene>. Meat tenderizer. Old time home remedy for insect, jellyfish, and stingray stings<ref>[http://www.ameriden.com/products/advanced-digestive-enzyme/] Ameridan International</ref>. Who would have thought that a sulfhydryl protease from the latex of the papaya fruit, ''Carica papaya'' and ''Vasconcellea cundinamarcensis'' would have such a practical application beyond proteopedia? | |||
Papain. Meat tenderizer. Old time home remedy for insect, jellyfish, and stingray stings<ref>[http://www.ameriden.com/products/advanced-digestive-enzyme/] Ameridan International</ref>. Who would have thought that a sulfhydryl protease from the latex of the papaya fruit, ''Carica papaya'' and ''Vasconcellea cundinamarcensis'' would have such a practical application beyond proteopedia? | Papain. Meat tenderizer. Old time home remedy for insect, jellyfish, and stingray stings<ref>[http://www.ameriden.com/products/advanced-digestive-enzyme/] Ameridan International</ref>. Who would have thought that a sulfhydryl protease from the latex of the papaya fruit, ''Carica papaya'' and ''Vasconcellea cundinamarcensis'' would have such a practical application beyond proteopedia? | ||
This protease belongs to an extended family of aminopeptidases, dipeptidyl peptidases, endopeptidases, and other enzymes having both exo- and endo-peptidase activity. The inactivated zymogen with N-terminal propeptide regions - providing stability in alkaline environments and enabling proper folding - is activated through removal of the propeptide regions. <ref>PMID: 7845226</ref> The protein is primarily secreted with its pro-region enabling transport from zymogen to lysosome through membrane association and mediation. <ref>PMID: 12188906</ref> | |||
Papain made its first appearance in the ''Calcutta Medical Journal'' entitled “The Solvent Action of Papaya Juice on Nitrogenous Articles of Food” when G.C Roy was investigating the enzyme in 1873. In the late 19th century, Wurtz and Bouchut dubbed the partially purified enzyme "papain." <ref>Menard and Storer 1998</ref> At the time, it was viewed as proteolytically active constituent in the latex of tropical papaya fruit. <ref>Wurtz and Bouchut 1879</ref> As separation and purification techniques improved, pure papain was able to be isolated. In becoming the second enzyme to attain an X-ray crystallized structure and the first cysteine protease to behold an identifiable structure, papain fueled greater advances in enzymatic studies. <ref>PMID: 5681232</ref> | |||
[[Image:Papain_cartoon.png|200px|left|thumb|Cartoon image of papain.]] | [[Image:Papain_cartoon.png|200px|left|thumb|Cartoon image of papain.]] | ||
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===Active Site and Substrate Binding=== | ===Active Site and Substrate Binding=== | ||
==Medicinal Uses== | ==Medicinal Uses== | ||
