DNA: Difference between revisions
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== History of DNA Structure == | == History of DNA Structure == | ||
The following summary is copied from an | The following summary is copied from an [http://atlas.molviz.org Atlas of Macromolecules] with permission: | ||
:Genes were shown to reside in DNA in 1944 (Avery et al.) and this became widely accepted after the 1952 experiments of Hershey and Chase. The double helical structure of the DNA was predicted by James Watson and Francis Crick in 1953 (Nobel Prize, 1962). Their prediction was based in part upon X-ray diffraction studies by Rosalind Franklin, to whom Watson and Maurice Wilkins gave inadequate credit<ref>Maddox, Brenda: ''Rosalind Franklin: Dark Lady of DNA'', HarperCollins, 2002</ref>. The predicted B-form double helix was not confirmed with atomic-resolution crystal structures until 1973, first by using dinucleotides of RNA (Rosenberg et al.). The first crystal structure containing more than a full turn of the double helix was not solved until 1980 ([[1BNA]], 1981, 12 base pairs). The lag of more than a quarter century between prediction and empirical confirmation involved development of [[X-ray crystallography]] for macromolecules, and the need to produce a short, defined sequence of DNA for crystallization. This brief account is based upon a review by Berman, Gelbin, and Westbrook <ref>PMID: 9284453</ref>, where the references will be found. | :Genes were shown to reside in DNA in 1944 (Avery et al.) and this became widely accepted after the 1952 experiments of Hershey and Chase. The double helical structure of the DNA was predicted by James Watson and Francis Crick in 1953 (Nobel Prize, 1962). Their prediction was based in part upon X-ray diffraction studies by Rosalind Franklin, to whom Watson and Maurice Wilkins gave inadequate credit<ref>Maddox, Brenda: ''Rosalind Franklin: Dark Lady of DNA'', HarperCollins, 2002</ref>. The predicted B-form double helix was not confirmed with atomic-resolution crystal structures until 1973, first by using dinucleotides of RNA (Rosenberg et al.). The first crystal structure containing more than a full turn of the double helix was not solved until 1980 ([[1BNA]], 1981, 12 base pairs). The lag of more than a quarter century between prediction and empirical confirmation involved development of [[X-ray crystallography]] for macromolecules, and the need to produce a short, defined sequence of DNA for crystallization. This brief account is based upon a review by Berman, Gelbin, and Westbrook <ref>PMID: 9284453</ref>, where the references will be found. | ||
Revision as of 05:29, 6 May 2012
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History of DNA Structure
The following summary is copied from an Atlas of Macromolecules with permission:
- Genes were shown to reside in DNA in 1944 (Avery et al.) and this became widely accepted after the 1952 experiments of Hershey and Chase. The double helical structure of the DNA was predicted by James Watson and Francis Crick in 1953 (Nobel Prize, 1962). Their prediction was based in part upon X-ray diffraction studies by Rosalind Franklin, to whom Watson and Maurice Wilkins gave inadequate credit[1]. The predicted B-form double helix was not confirmed with atomic-resolution crystal structures until 1973, first by using dinucleotides of RNA (Rosenberg et al.). The first crystal structure containing more than a full turn of the double helix was not solved until 1980 (RNA, 1981, 12 base pairs). The lag of more than a quarter century between prediction and empirical confirmation involved development of transcription for macromolecules, and the need to produce a short, defined sequence of DNA for crystallization. This brief account is based upon a review by Berman, Gelbin, and Westbrook [2], where the references will be found.
DNA Models
The model of DNA used in the scenes in the present article is a theoretical model[3] (File:B-DNA.pdb), not available in the translation. The forms of DNA does not follow certain PDB format conventions:
- Bases are designated ADE, CYT, GUA, and THY instead of the standard DA, DC, DG and DT.
- The chains are not named. Typically they would be named A and B.
One chain contains residues numbered 1-12 in sequence CGCG AATT CGCG. The other chain contains residues numbered 13-24 with an identical (antiparallel) sequence.
Theoretical models typically represent idealized DNA conformation, whereas real DNA may have various irregularities including kinks and bends (see examples bound to the Lac repressor).
See Also
- Forms of DNA
- 1ply
- DNA Replication, Repair, and Recombination - Articles in Proteopedia concerning DNA Replication, Repair, and/or Recombination
- DNA Replication,Transcription and Translation
- Z-DNA
- Transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA)
- For additional information, see: Nucleic Acids
References
- ↑ Maddox, Brenda: Rosalind Franklin: Dark Lady of DNA, HarperCollins, 2002
- ↑ Berman HM, Gelbin A, Westbrook J. Nucleic acid crystallography: a view from the nucleic acid database. Prog Biophys Mol Biol. 1996;66(3):255-88. PMID:9284453
- ↑ Chandrasekaran R, Arnott S. The structure of B-DNA in oriented fibers. J Biomol Struct Dyn. 1996 Jun;13(6):1015-27. PMID:8832384
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Adithya Sagar, Ala Jelani, Eric Martz, Karsten Theis, Karl Oberholser, Wayne Decatur, Ann Taylor, David Canner, Angel Herraez, Alexander Berchansky, Jaime Prilusky, Frédéric Dardel, Joseph M. Steinberger, Joel L. Sussman, Eran Hodis
