G18secL03Tpc4: Difference between revisions
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==== Main Problems with Application of OspC-based Vaccine ==== | ==== Main Problems with Application of OspC-based Vaccine ==== | ||
The major problem with creating an OspC based vaccine is a lack of knowledge regarding the three dimensional structure of the different variants of the OspC protein, especially those from invasive strains. <ref>D. Greenburg, M.S. Rowe. Brookhaven Scientists Determine Key Lime Disease Protein Structure.Brookhaven National Laboratory (2001)[http://www.bnl.gov/bnlweb/pubaf/pr/2001/bnlpr022801.htm]</ref> The OspC locus of Borrelia burgdorferi is much more variable than other genes in the species. There are 22 OspC major groups, with 15 of those found in the northeastern United States. <ref>D. Brisson, D.E Dykhuizen. OspC diversity in Borrelia burgdorferi: Different Hosts are Different Niches. Genetics 2004 October; Volume 168 (2): 713-722. [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1448846/]</ref> In a recent study run by researchers at the University of California Davis, it was found that OspA genes from 3 isolates were greater than 99% homologous, while OspC genes shared only 81%-85% homology. <ref>R.B. Cadiz, M. Crawford, R.B. LeFebvre, W.S Probert. Immunization with Outer Surface Protein (Osp) A, but Not OspC, Provides Cross-Protection of Mice Challenged with North American Isolates of ''Borrelia'' ''Burgdorferi''. The Journal of Infectious Diseases 1997; Volume 175: 400-405. [http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/30131660?uid=3739832&uid=2&uid=4&uid=3739256&sid=21101134072011]</ref> | The major problem with creating an OspC based vaccine is a lack of knowledge regarding the three dimensional structure of the different variants of the OspC protein, especially those from invasive strains. <ref>D. Greenburg, M.S. Rowe. Brookhaven Scientists Determine Key Lime Disease Protein Structure.Brookhaven National Laboratory (2001)[http://www.bnl.gov/bnlweb/pubaf/pr/2001/bnlpr022801.htm]</ref> The OspC locus of Borrelia burgdorferi is much more variable than other genes in the species. There are 22 OspC major groups, with 15 of those found in the northeastern United States. <ref>D. Brisson, D.E Dykhuizen. OspC diversity in Borrelia burgdorferi: Different Hosts are Different Niches. Genetics 2004 October; Volume 168 (2): 713-722. [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1448846/]</ref> In a recent study run by researchers at the University of California Davis, it was found that OspA genes from 3 isolates were greater than 99% homologous, while OspC genes shared only 81%-85% homology. <ref>R.B. Cadiz, M. Crawford, R.B. LeFebvre, W.S Probert. Immunization with Outer Surface Protein (Osp) A, but Not OspC, Provides Cross-Protection of Mice Challenged with North American Isolates of ''Borrelia'' ''Burgdorferi''. The Journal of Infectious Diseases 1997; Volume 175: 400-405. [http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/30131660?uid=3739832&uid=2&uid=4&uid=3739256&sid=21101134072011]</ref> The genetic and antigenic heterogeneity associated with OspC, but not OspA, may limit the effectiveness of an OspC based vaccine, since the vaccine would not protect against all of the strains. <ref>R.B. Cadiz, M. Crawford, R.B. LeFebvre, W.S Probert. Immunization with Outer Surface Protein (Osp) A, but Not OspC, Provides Cross-Protection of Mice Challenged with North American Isolates of ''Borrelia'' ''Burgdorferi''. The Journal of Infectious Diseases 1997; Volume 175: 400-405. [http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/30131660?uid=3739832&uid=2&uid=4&uid=3739256&sid=21101134072011]</ref> | ||
'''Notes and References'''<references/> | '''Notes and References'''<references/> | ||
