Tutorial:Basic Chemistry Topics: Difference between revisions

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='''Purpose of the Tutorial''' =
='''Purpose of the Tutorial''' =


*TThis tutorial is intended as a beneficial learning/teaching aid for an entry-level chemistry college student with some basic chemistry knowledge. Various general chemistry concepts are explained using a research article as an example. Applying general chemistry to a research article will allow the students to see the impact they can have on the research world in the future by applying their knowledge.  
*This tutorial is intended as a beneficial learning/teaching aid for an entry-level chemistry college student with some basic chemistry knowledge. Various general chemistry concepts are explained using a research article as an example. Applying general chemistry to a research article will allow the students to see the impact they can have on the research world in the future by applying their knowledge.  
 




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[[Image:Periodic Table (oxygen).png| thumb | left | 300px ]]
[[Image:Periodic Table (oxygen).png| thumb | left | 300px ]]
The image to the left displays Oxygen (O) in its periodic box. The atomic mass of oxygen is 8, centered above the single-letter abbreviation of Oxygen. “8” represents the number of protons in the atom’s nucleolus. The atomic number is also used to arrange elements in the periodic table, notice the increasing value of protons in the atoms from left to right. The atomic mass of an element is centered under the single-letter abbreviation of the atom and represents the total weight of the atom, in this case oxygen has an atomic mass of ~16. The total weight of an atom is the sum of the atoms protons, neutrons and electrons.  
The image above displays Oxygen (O) in its periodic box. The atomic number of oxygen is 8, centered above the single-letter abbreviation of Oxygen. “8” represents the number of protons in the atom’s nucleus. The atomic number is also used to arrange elements in the periodic table. Notice the increasing value of protons in the atoms from left to right. The atomic mass of an element is centered under the single-letter abbreviation of an atom and represents the total weight of the atom. In this case, oxygen has an atomic mass of ~16. The total weight of an atom is the sum of the atoms protons, neutrons and electrons.
 
The periodic table is a collaboration of atoms that are arranged according to their common features. Groups are the vertical columns of atoms, and the periods are the horizontal rows. When moving from left to right across the periods (horizontally), there is an increase in electronegativity.  Electronegativity refers to the atoms ability to pull other electrons towards it, increasing it’s density and providing itself with a negative charge. The concept of electronegativity contributes to the polarity of an atom. Polarity is caused by a difference in electronegativity between atoms in a compound and/or the asymmetry of the compounds structure. A compound is nonpolar when the electronegativity of the atoms/functional groups are close or even. The compound is symmetrical and the electrons are not being pulled more in one direction.


The periodic table is a collaboration of atoms that are arranged according to their common features. Groups are the vertical columns of atoms, and the periods are the horizontal columns. When moving from left to right across the periods (horizontally), there is an increase in electronegativity.  Electronegativity refers to the atoms ability to pull other electrons towards it, increasing its density and providing it’s self with a negative charge. The concept of electronegativity contributes to the polarity of a molecule. 
Polarity is caused by a difference in electronegativity between atoms in a compound and/or the asymmetry of the compounds structure. A compound is nonpolar when the electronegativity of the atoms/functional groups are close or even. The compound is symmetrical and the electrons are not being pulled more in one direction.




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