Ferrochelatase: Difference between revisions
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<StructureSection load='2l0u' size='450' side='right' scene='Journal:JBIC:4/Heme_bound_ferro_open/3' caption=''> | |||
'''Ferrochelatase''' (FECH) catalyzes the last step in the formation of heme. FECH adds Fe+2 to protoporphyrin IX converting it to protoheme. The human FECH is a homodimer containing 2 similar domains and an iron-sulfur cluster. Defective FECH is the cause of porphyria. | '''Ferrochelatase''' (FECH) catalyzes the last step in the formation of heme. FECH adds Fe+2 to protoporphyrin IX converting it to protoheme. The human FECH is a homodimer containing 2 similar domains and an iron-sulfur cluster. Defective FECH is the cause of porphyria. | ||
'''Bacterial ferrochelatase turns human: Tyr13 determines the apparent metal specificity of ''Bacillus subtilis'' ferrochelatase <ref>DOI 10.1007/s00775-010-0720-4</ref>''' | |||
Ferrochelatase produces <scene name='Journal:JBIC:4/Heme_bound_ferro/5'>heme by insertion of iron into protoporphyrin IX</scene>. It can also <scene name='Journal:JBIC:4/Copper_protorphyrin/4'>insert other metal ions</scene>. However, the ability to insert other <scene name='Journal:JBIC:4/Bound_cu_por/6'>metal ions is species specific</scene>. In this way ''Bacillus subtilis'' ferrochelatase can insert copper into protoporphyrin IX, but to a much less extent cobalt. In contrast, the human and ''Saccharomyces cerevisiae'' ferrochelatases prefer cobalt over copper. <scene name='Journal:JBIC:4/Iron_binding_zoomout/4'>Our structural work</scene> shows that <scene name='Journal:JBIC:4/Iron_binding/9'>one His residue and one Glu residue are direct ligands to the metal ion</scene>, while A third residue, Tyr in ''B. subtilis'', is a third ligand via a water molecule. Human and ''S. cerevisiae'' ferrochelatase utilizes <scene name='Journal:JBIC:4/Iron_bound_met/2'>Met as a third residue to bind the metal ligand.</scene> In the structures of the ferrochelatases the Tyr/Met occupies the same position. We also know that the Tyr residue of the <scene name='Journal:JBIC:4/Bound_cu_por/5'>B. subtilis enzyme</scene> is a <scene name='Journal:JBIC:4/Bound_cu_por/4'>direct ligand to a copper-porphyrin reaction product</scene>. By site directed mutagenesis <scene name='Journal:JBIC:4/Cobalt_bound_met_out/10'>we changed the Tyr to a Met residue</scene> and showed that the metal specificity changed so that the modified ''B. subtilis'' ferrochelatase <scene name='Journal:JBIC:4/Cobalt_bound_met/3'>preferred cobalt over copper</scene>. Two crystal structures are presented. <scene name='Journal:JBIC:4/Iron_binding_zoomout/3'>One shows</scene> how <scene name='Journal:JBIC:4/Iron_binding_zoomout/1'>a metal ion (iron) is coordinated in the active site of the ''B. subtilis'' ferrochelatase</scene>. The <scene name='Journal:JBIC:4/Bound_cu_por/5'>other shows</scene> how a <scene name='Journal:JBIC:4/Bound_cu_por/4'>copper in a reaction product (copper-mesoporphyrin) is coordinated by the Tyr residue</scene> in the B. subtilis enzyme. | |||
</StructureSection> | |||
__NOTOC__ | |||
==3D structures of ferrochelatase== | ==3D structures of ferrochelatase== | ||
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[[2q2n]] – BsFECH + protoporphyrin IX + Mg<br /> | [[2q2n]] – BsFECH + protoporphyrin IX + Mg<br /> | ||
1c9e]] - BsFECH + N-methylmesoporphyrin + Cu + Mg<br /> | 1c9e]] - BsFECH + N-methylmesoporphyrin + Cu + Mg<br /> | ||
<references/> | |||
[[Category:Topic Page]] | [[Category:Topic Page]] | ||
