Ricin: Difference between revisions

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== Site of ricin modification of rRNA ==

<~~Structure~~ load='3u5d' size='400' side='left' caption='ribosomal RNA from Yeast(PDB entry [[3u5d]])' scene=''>

Ricin removes an adenine from a specific portion of the 28S rRNA called the <scene name='Taylor_sandboxk_ricin_rRNA_modification_site/Sarcin-ricin_loop/1'>sacrin-ricin loop</scene>, or SRL. This <scene name='Taylor_sandboxk_ricin_rRNA_modification_site/Depurination/1'>depurination</scene> leads to reduced binding of [[elongation factors|elongation factors]] to the ribosome and reduced synthesis of proteins<ref name="holmbergnygard">PMID: 8648651</ref>. It appears that binding of ricin chain A is mediated by binding to the ribosomal proteins and the ribosomal stalk, as binding to the naked rRNA occurs with lower affinity.<ref name="Chiou">PMID: 19019145</ref>.

Ricin removes an adenine from a specific portion of the 28S rRNA called the <scene name='Taylor_sandboxk_ricin_rRNA_modification_site/Sarcin-ricin_loop/1'>sacrin-ricin loop</scene>, or SRL. This <scene name='Taylor_sandboxk_ricin_rRNA_modification_site/Depurination/1'>depurination</scene> leads to reduced binding of [[elongation factors|elongation factors]] to the ribosome and reduced synthesis of proteins<ref name="holmbergnygard">PMID: 8648651</ref>. It appears that binding of ricin chain A to the ribosome is mediated by binding to the ribosomal proteins and the ribosomal stalk, as binding to the naked rRNA occurs with lower affinity.<ref name="Chiou">PMID: 19019145</ref>.

Ricin also triggers apoptosis <ref name="Tesh">PMID: 22130961</ref>, though the exact pathway is a current research topic. There is some evidence that it occurs via the B subunit <ref name="Yermakova">PMID: 22984492</ref>, though there is also evidence that the protein synthesis inhibition may cause apoptosis <ref name="Jetzt">PMID: 22982239</ref>.

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@@ Line 23: / Line 23: @@
 == Site of ricin modification of rRNA ==
-<Structure load='3u5d' size='400' side='left' caption='ribosomal RNA from Yeast(PDB entry [[3u5d]])' scene=''>
+<StructureSection load='3u5d' size='400' side='left' caption='ribosomal RNA from Yeast(PDB entry [[3u5d]])' scene=''>
-Ricin removes an adenine from a specific portion of the 28S rRNA called the <scene name='Taylor_sandboxk_ricin_rRNA_modification_site/Sarcin-ricin_loop/1'>sacrin-ricin loop</scene>, or SRL. This <scene name='Taylor_sandboxk_ricin_rRNA_modification_site/Depurination/1'>depurination</scene> leads to reduced binding of [[elongation factors|elongation factors]] to the ribosome and reduced synthesis of proteins<ref name="holmbergnygard">PMID: 8648651</ref>.  It appears that binding of ricin chain A is mediated by binding to the ribosomal proteins and the ribosomal stalk, as binding to the naked rRNA occurs with lower affinity.<ref name="Chiou">PMID: 19019145</ref>.
+Ricin removes an adenine from a specific portion of the 28S rRNA called the <scene name='Taylor_sandboxk_ricin_rRNA_modification_site/Sarcin-ricin_loop/1'>sacrin-ricin loop</scene>, or SRL. This <scene name='Taylor_sandboxk_ricin_rRNA_modification_site/Depurination/1'>depurination</scene> leads to reduced binding of [[elongation factors|elongation factors]] to the ribosome and reduced synthesis of proteins<ref name="holmbergnygard">PMID: 8648651</ref>.  It appears that binding of ricin chain A to the ribosome is mediated by binding to the ribosomal proteins and the ribosomal stalk, as binding to the naked rRNA occurs with lower affinity.<ref name="Chiou">PMID: 19019145</ref>.
 Ricin also triggers apoptosis  <ref name="Tesh">PMID: 22130961</ref>, though the exact pathway is a current research topic.  There is some evidence that it occurs via the B subunit <ref name="Yermakova">PMID: 22984492</ref>,  though there is also evidence that the protein synthesis inhibition may cause apoptosis <ref name="Jetzt">PMID: 22982239</ref>.