Sandbox Reserved 777: Difference between revisions
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== Implications or Possible Application == | == Implications or Possible Application == | ||
Interleukin-10 plays a role in a number of diseases, particularly those with an autoimmune facet. One example of this is Crohn’s disease, a chronic inflammatory bowel condition in which the immune system attacks the gastrointestinal tract. It has been shown that IL-10 production in patients with severe Crohn’s is down regulated.<ref>Correa I, Veny M, Esteller M, Piqué JM, Yagüe J, Panés J, Salas A. Defective IL-10 production in severe phenotypes of Crohn’s disease. J Leukoc Biol. 2009 May; 85(5):896-903</ref> In a phase I clinical trial, | Interleukin-10 plays a role in a number of diseases, particularly those with an autoimmune facet. One example of this is Crohn’s disease, a chronic inflammatory bowel condition in which the immune system attacks the gastrointestinal tract. It has been shown that IL-10 production in patients with severe Crohn’s is down regulated.<ref>Correa I, Veny M, Esteller M, Piqué JM, Yagüe J, Panés J, Salas A. Defective IL-10 production in severe phenotypes of Crohn’s disease. J Leukoc Biol. 2009 May; 85(5):896-903</ref> In a phase I clinical trial,<ref>Braat H, Rottiers P, Hommes DW, et al. A phase I trial with transgenic bacteria expressing interleukin-10 in Crohn’s disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2006 Jun; 4(6):754-759</ref> patients were treated with a Lactobacillus species that had been genetically modified to encode human IL-10. Patients reported a decrease in disease activity with no serious adverse events. On the other hand, patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) have been found to have circulating IL-10 levels 9-fold higher than normal controls. It is believed that increased production of IL-10 stimulates production of hyperactive B-cells, which in turn leads to excessive autoantibody production. These autoantibodies trigger inflammatory responses that cause tissue damage. In fact, mouse models of SLE have shown that administration of anti-IL-10 monoclonal antibodies reduces morbidity due to disease, while giving additional IL-10 speeds the progression of disease.<ref>Beebe AM, Cua DJ, de Waal Malefyt R. The role of interleukins-10 in autoimmune disease: systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and multiple sclerosis (MS). Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2002 Aug-Oct; 13(4-5):403-412</ref> | ||
== Viral IL-10 == | == Viral IL-10 == | ||
Viral homologs to Il-10 have been found in Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), human cytomegalovirus (hCMV) and multiple other members of the Herpesvirales and Poxviridae families of viruses. These viruses likely acquired IL-10 encoding sequences from their hosts and, when expressed, produce vIL-10 with enough similarity to host IL-10 that they can bind to IL-10R1 and start the signaling cascade. The result is the suppression of immune functions and enhancement of infection. | Viral homologs to Il-10 have been found in Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), human cytomegalovirus (hCMV) and multiple other members of the Herpesvirales and Poxviridae families of viruses. These viruses likely acquired IL-10 encoding sequences from their hosts and, when expressed, produce vIL-10 with enough similarity to host IL-10 that they can bind to IL-10R1 and start the signaling cascade. The result is the suppression of immune functions and enhancement of infection.<ref>Slobedman B, Barry PA, Spencer JV, Avdic S, Abendroth A. Virus-encoded homologs of cellular interleukin-10 and their control of host immune function. J Virol. 2009 Oct; 83(19):9618-9629</ref> The EBV IL-10 monomer is shown <scene name='56/564053/Vil-10_w_receptor/1'>here</scene>, with the vIL-10 in light blue and the IL-10R1 receptor shown in dark blue | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
<references/> | <references/> | ||
