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'''Ebola'''
'''Ebola'''


In a normal immune response interferons (IFN) are produced to alert surrounding cells to the presence of a pathogen, which activates STAT1 by phosphorylation <ref name='4or8'>pmid 24574400</ref>. STAT1 is a transcription factor that increases production of immune fighting genes in cells, STAT1 is brought to the nucleus by karyopherin α proteins <ref name='4or8'/>. Ebola protein VP24 <scene name='60/602719/Vp24_bound_to_karyopherin_a5/1'>binds to karyopherin</scene> α1, α5, and α6, which normally bring the P-STAT1 to the nucleus(3). With the karyopherin proteins bound, P-STAT1 does not make it to the nucleus which greatly weakens the immune response in cells (3).  
In a normal immune response interferons (IFN) are produced to alert surrounding cells to the presence of a pathogen, which activates STAT1 by phosphorylation <ref name='4or8'>pmid 24574400</ref>. STAT1 is a transcription factor that increases production of immune fighting genes in cells, STAT1 is brought to the nucleus by karyopherin α proteins <ref name='4or8'/>. Ebola protein VP24 <scene name='60/602719/Vp24_bound_to_karyopherin_a5/1'>binds to karyopherin</scene> α1, α5, and α6, which normally bring the P-STAT1 to the nucleus <ref>DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2014.07.008</ref>. With the karyopherin proteins bound, P-STAT1 does not make it to the nucleus which greatly weakens the immune response in cells <ref>DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2014.07.008</ref>.  
'''Marburg'''
'''Marburg'''


Keap1 is a protein that degrades the transcription factor Nrf2. VP24 in the Marburg virus targets and binds the Keap1 protein, and as a result leaves Nrf2 unaltered. High levels of Nrf2 triggers antioxidant response elements(ARE). This causes cells to become defensive, which protects the Marburg virus inside the cell <ref>do 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.01.043</ref>.
Keap1 is a protein that degrades the transcription factor Nrf2. VP24 in the Marburg virus targets and binds the Keap1 protein, and as a result leaves Nrf2 unaltered. High levels of Nrf2 triggers antioxidant response elements(ARE). This causes cells to become defensive, which protects the Marburg virus inside the cell <ref>doi 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.01.043</ref>.


== Structural Characteristics ==
== Structural Characteristics ==
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== References ==
== References ==
<references/>
3. Xu, W., Edwards, M.R., Borek, D.M., Feagins, A.R., Mittal, A., Alinger, J.B., Berry, K.N., Yen, B., Hamilton, J., Brett, T.J., Pappu, R.V., Leung, D.W., Basler, C.F., Amarasinghe, G.K. Ebola Virus VP24 Targets a Unique NLS Binding Site on Karyopherin Alpha 5 to Selectively Compete with Nuclear Import of Phosphorylated STAT1. Cell Host & Microbe. 2014, Aug 13;16 187-200
4. Edwards, R. M., Johnson, B., Mire, C.E., Xu, W., Shabman, R.S., Speller, L.N., Leung, D.W., Geisbert, T.W., Amarasinghe, G.K., Basler, C.F. The Marburg Virus VP24 Protein Interacts with Keap1 to Activate the Cytoprotective Antioxidant Response Pathway. Cell. 2014, Mar 27. 6 1017-1025
<references/>
<references/>
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