| Structural highlights
Function
[GRIA2_RAT] Receptor for glutamate that functions as ligand-gated ion channel in the central nervous system and plays an important role in excitatory synaptic transmission. L-glutamate acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter at many synapses in the central nervous system. Binding of the excitatory neurotransmitter L-glutamate induces a conformation change, leading to the opening of the cation channel, and thereby converts the chemical signal to an electrical impulse. The receptor then desensitizes rapidly and enters a transient inactive state, characterized by the presence of bound agonist. In the presence of CACNG4 or CACNG7 or CACNG8, shows resensitization which is characterized by a delayed accumulation of current flux upon continued application of glutamate.[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14]
Publication Abstract from PubMed
In the mammalian central nervous system, (S)-glutamate (Glu) is released from the presynaptic neuron where it activates a plethora of pre- and postsynaptic Glu receptors. The fast acting ionotropic Glu receptors (iGluRs) are ligand gated ion channels and are believed to be involved in a vast number of neurological functions such as memory and learning, synaptic plasticity, and motor function. The synthesis of 14 enantiopure 2,4-syn-Glu analogues 2b-p is accessed by a short and efficient chemoenzymatic approach starting from readily available cyclohexanone 3. Pharmacological characterization at the iGluRs and EAAT1-3 subtypes revealed analogue 2i as a selective GluK1 ligand with low nanomolar affinity. Two X-ray crystal structures of the key analogue 2i in the ligand-binding domain (LBD) of GluA2 and GluK3 were determined. Partial domain closure was seen in the GluA2-LBD complex with 2i comparable to that induced by kainate. In contrast, full domain closure was observed in the GluK3-LBD complex with 2i, similar to that of GluK3-LBD with glutamate bound.
Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of New 2,4-syn-Functionalized (S)-Glutamate Analogues and Structure-Activity Relationship Studies at Ionotropic Glutamate Receptors and Excitatory Amino Acid Transporters.,Assaf Z, Larsen AP, Venskutonyte R, Han L, Abrahamsen B, Nielsen B, Gajhede M, Kastrup JS, Jensen AA, Pickering DS, Frydenvang K, Gefflaut T, Bunch L J Med Chem. 2013 Feb 15. PMID:23414088[15]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
See Also
References
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- ↑ Armstrong N, Jasti J, Beich-Frandsen M, Gouaux E. Measurement of conformational changes accompanying desensitization in an ionotropic glutamate receptor. Cell. 2006 Oct 6;127(1):85-97. PMID:17018279 doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.08.037
- ↑ Kasper C, Pickering DS, Mirza O, Olsen L, Kristensen AS, Greenwood JR, Liljefors T, Schousboe A, Watjen F, Gajhede M, Sigurskjold BW, Kastrup JS. The structure of a mixed GluR2 ligand-binding core dimer in complex with (S)-glutamate and the antagonist (S)-NS1209. J Mol Biol. 2006 Apr 7;357(4):1184-201. Epub 2006 Jan 31. PMID:16483599 doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2006.01.024
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- ↑ Assaf Z, Larsen AP, Venskutonyte R, Han L, Abrahamsen B, Nielsen B, Gajhede M, Kastrup JS, Jensen AA, Pickering DS, Frydenvang K, Gefflaut T, Bunch L. Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of New 2,4-syn-Functionalized (S)-Glutamate Analogues and Structure-Activity Relationship Studies at Ionotropic Glutamate Receptors and Excitatory Amino Acid Transporters. J Med Chem. 2013 Feb 15. PMID:23414088 doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jm301433m
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