RiAFP: Difference between revisions
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<StructureSection load='4dt5' size='340' side='right' caption='Insect antifreeze protein complex with sulfate and glycerol (PDB code [[4dt5]]).' scene='60/607864/Chain_a_without_histag/1'> | <StructureSection load='4dt5' size='340' side='right' caption='Insect antifreeze protein complex with sulfate and glycerol (PDB code [[4dt5]]).' scene='60/607864/Chain_a_without_histag/1'> | ||
Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) evolved in various organisms permitting their survival in subzero environments<ref>PMID: 11852248</ref>. They exhibit remarkable structural diversity and molar activities across the various kingdoms<ref>10.5772/54992</ref>. The longhorn beetle, Rhagium inquisitor, has the ability to supercool to below -25 °C partially due to the presence of a highly potent AFP (RiAFP) in its hemolymph. RiAFP is a 13-kDa protein with one of the highest antifreeze activities measured for any AFP. | |||
== History == | |||
== Overall Structure == | == Overall Structure == | ||
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== Ice Binding Surface (IBS) == | == Ice Binding Surface (IBS) == | ||
IBS of RiAFP contains five expanded <scene name='60/607864/Ibs/1'>TXTXTXT motifs</scene> within the top (blue) β–sheet. These motifs are remarkably regular, allowing any rows/columns of TXTXTXT motifs to be exactly superposed onto any other rows/columns. Threonine residuses are crucial for maintaining antifreeze activity. It was found in other AFPs that mutations of the Thrs within these motifs decrease the thermal hysteresis. The Thr hydroxyls define a large flat IBS of 420 Å2, which correlates with high antifreeze activity. | IBS of RiAFP contains five expanded <scene name='60/607864/Ibs/1'>TXTXTXT motifs</scene> within the top (blue) β–sheet. These motifs are remarkably regular, allowing any rows/columns of TXTXTXT motifs to be exactly superposed onto any other rows/columns. Threonine residuses are crucial for maintaining antifreeze activity. It was found in other AFPs that mutations of the Thrs within these motifs decrease the thermal hysteresis. The Thr hydroxyls define a large flat IBS of 420 Å2, which correlates with high antifreeze activity. | ||
== Molecular Basis for Ice Binding == | |||
== Function == | == Function == | ||
