2imk

Structures of an Insect Epsilon-class Glutathione S-transferase from the Malaria Vector Anopheles Gambiae: Evidence for High DDT-detoxifying Activity

spinqualitylabelsall models 2imk, resolution 1.90Å Show:Asymmetric Unit Biological Assembly Drag the structure with the mouse to rotate   Export Animated Image   Print3D Structural highlights 2imk is a 2 chain structure with sequence from Anoga. Full crystallographic information is available from OCA. For a guided tour on the structure components use FirstGlance. Ligands: GTX Related: 2il3, 2imi Gene: AF316636 (ANOGA) Activity: Glutathione transferase, with EC number 2.5.1.18 Resources: FirstGlance, OCA, PDBe, RCSB, PDBsum Evolutionary Conservation Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf. Publication Abstract from PubMed Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), a major family of detoxifying enzymes, play a pivotal role in insecticide resistance in insects. In the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae, insect-specific epsilon class GSTs are associated with resistance to the organochlorine insecticide DDT [1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-(p-chlorophenyl)ethane]. Five of the eight class members have elevated expression levels in a DDT resistant strain. agGSTe2 is considered the most important GST in conferring DDT resistance in A. gambiae, and is the only member of the epsilon class with confirmed DDT-metabolizing activity. A delta class GST from the same species shows marginal DDT-metabolizing activity but the activity of agGSTe2 is approximately 350x higher than the delta class agGST1-6. To investigate its catalytic mechanism and the molecular basis of its unusually high DDT-metabolizing ability, three agGSTe2 crystal structures including one apo form and two binary complex forms with the co-factor glutathione (GSH) or the inhibitor S-hexylglutathione (GTX) have been solved with a resolution up to 1.4A. The structure of agGSTe2 shows the canonical GST fold with a highly conserved N-domain and a less conserved C-domain. The binding of GSH or GTX does not induce significant conformational changes in the protein. The modeling of DDT into the putative DDT-binding pocket suggests that DDT is likely to be converted to DDE [1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis-(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene] through an elimination reaction triggered by the nucleophilic attack of the thiolate group of GS(-) on the beta-hydrogen of DDT. The comparison with the less active agGST1-6 provides the structural evidence for its high DDT-detoxifying activity. In short, this is achieved through the inclination of the upper part of H4 helix (H4 helix), which brings residues Arg112, Glu116, and Phe120 closer to the GSH-binding site resulting in a more efficient GS(-)-stabilizing hydrogen-bond-network and higher DDT-binding affinity. Structure of an insect epsilon class glutathione S-transferase from the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae provides an explanation for the high DDT-detoxifying activity.,Wang Y, Qiu L, Ranson H, Lumjuan N, Hemingway J, Setzer WN, Meehan EJ, Chen L J Struct Biol. 2008 Nov;164(2):228-35. Epub 2008 Aug 26. PMID:18778777 From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. See Also Glutathione S-transferase

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