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== 5-HT3a Receptor==

~~== Function ==~~

This receptor plays a role in multiple processes throughout the brain and gastrointestinal tract. First, this receptor is responsible for altering anxiety levels. Research has indicated that several 5-HT3 antagonists are responsible for lowering anxiety. These antagonists prevent serotonin from binding to the receptor and increase the level of serotonin in the synapse, ultimately lowering anxiety levels (Kurhe, Radhakrishnan, Thangaraj, & Gupta, 2014). Second, these receptors play a role in emesis. These receptors can be found at the end of the vagus nerve located in the digestive tract, and when serotonin binds there is a stimulation of the vomiting reflex causing individuals to become ill (“Serotonin - Receptors and effects”). Finally, 5-HT3 receptors are bound to mucosal endings in the stomach and upon their activation can trigger motor neurons found in the intestine (Galligan, 2002). Depending on what the function of the motor neurons are, processes like secretion and peristalsis can be altered.

As previously mentioned this receptor has both extracellular and transmembrane domains, each serving a different function. The extracellular domain operates through ligand binding in which competitive inhibitors can bind and interfere with carrying out the functions mentioned. The transmembrane domain serves to help with ion selectivity and electrical conductance and if altered can also affect signaling of any of the processes mentioned (Thompson & Lummis, 2006).

== Structure ==

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The transmembrane region is within the C-terminus region, and contains four alpha-helical domains within it (M1-M4) that stretch the length of this inner, transmembrane area. These four alpha-helical domains conduct the channel openings via ion selectivity, depending on both charge and size. M2, the porous domain, contains rings of charged amino acids at both its start and its end, accounting for M2’s main contribution to ion selectivity. The M3 and M4 alpha-helices create a large loop with one another, thus assembling the intracellular region.

== Function ==

This receptor plays a role in multiple processes throughout the brain and gastrointestinal tract. First, this receptor is responsible for altering anxiety levels. Research has indicated that several 5-HT3 antagonists are responsible for lowering anxiety. These antagonists prevent serotonin from binding to the receptor and increase the level of serotonin in the synapse, ultimately lowering anxiety levels (Kurhe, Radhakrishnan, Thangaraj, & Gupta, 2014). Second, these receptors play a role in emesis. These receptors can be found at the end of the vagus nerve located in the digestive tract, and when serotonin binds there is a stimulation of the vomiting reflex causing individuals to become ill (“Serotonin - Receptors and effects”). Finally, 5-HT3 receptors are bound to mucosal endings in the stomach and upon their activation can trigger motor neurons found in the intestine (Galligan, 2002). Depending on what the function of the motor neurons are, processes like secretion and peristalsis can be altered.

As previously mentioned this receptor has both extracellular and transmembrane domains, each serving a different function. The extracellular domain operates through ligand binding in which competitive inhibitors can bind and interfere with carrying out the functions mentioned. The transmembrane domain serves to help with ion selectivity and electrical conductance and if altered can also affect signaling of any of the processes mentioned (Thompson & Lummis, 2006).

== Medical Implications ==

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 == 5-HT3a Receptor==
 <StructureSection load='5-ht3a.pdb' size='420' side='right' caption='5-HT3a receptor' scene='71/716487/Default/1'>
-== Function ==
-This receptor plays a role in multiple processes throughout the brain and gastrointestinal tract. First, this receptor is responsible for altering anxiety levels. Research has indicated that several  5-HT3 antagonists are responsible for lowering anxiety. These antagonists prevent serotonin from binding to the receptor and increase the level of serotonin in the synapse, ultimately lowering anxiety levels (Kurhe, Radhakrishnan, Thangaraj, & Gupta, 2014). Second, these receptors play a role in emesis. These receptors can be found at the end of the vagus nerve located in the digestive tract, and when serotonin binds there is a stimulation of the vomiting reflex causing individuals to become ill (“Serotonin - Receptors and effects”).  Finally, 5-HT3 receptors are bound to mucosal endings in the stomach and upon their activation can trigger motor neurons found in the intestine (Galligan, 2002). Depending on what the function of the motor neurons are, processes like secretion and peristalsis can be altered.
-As previously mentioned this receptor has both extracellular and transmembrane domains, each serving a different function. The extracellular domain operates through ligand binding in which competitive inhibitors can bind and interfere with carrying out the functions mentioned. The transmembrane domain serves to help with ion selectivity and electrical conductance and if altered can also affect signaling of any of the processes mentioned (Thompson & Lummis, 2006).
 == Structure ==
@@ Line 14: / Line 9: @@
 The transmembrane region is within the C-terminus region, and contains four alpha-helical domains within it (M1-M4) that stretch the length of this inner, transmembrane area. These four alpha-helical domains conduct the channel openings via ion selectivity, depending on both charge and size. M2, the porous domain, contains rings of charged amino acids at both its start and its end, accounting for M2’s main contribution to ion selectivity. The M3 and M4 alpha-helices create a large loop with one another, thus assembling the intracellular region.
+== Function ==
+This receptor plays a role in multiple processes throughout the brain and gastrointestinal tract. First, this receptor is responsible for altering anxiety levels. Research has indicated that several  5-HT3 antagonists are responsible for lowering anxiety. These antagonists prevent serotonin from binding to the receptor and increase the level of serotonin in the synapse, ultimately lowering anxiety levels (Kurhe, Radhakrishnan, Thangaraj, & Gupta, 2014). Second, these receptors play a role in emesis. These receptors can be found at the end of the vagus nerve located in the digestive tract, and when serotonin binds there is a stimulation of the vomiting reflex causing individuals to become ill (“Serotonin - Receptors and effects”).  Finally, 5-HT3 receptors are bound to mucosal endings in the stomach and upon their activation can trigger motor neurons found in the intestine (Galligan, 2002). Depending on what the function of the motor neurons are, processes like secretion and peristalsis can be altered.
+As previously mentioned this receptor has both extracellular and transmembrane domains, each serving a different function. The extracellular domain operates through ligand binding in which competitive inhibitors can bind and interfere with carrying out the functions mentioned. The transmembrane domain serves to help with ion selectivity and electrical conductance and if altered can also affect signaling of any of the processes mentioned (Thompson & Lummis, 2006).
 == Medical Implications ==