5cau

EGFR kinase domain mutant "TMLR" with compound 41b

spinqualitylabelsall models 5cau, resolution 2.25Å Show:Asymmetric Unit Biological Assembly Drag the structure with the mouse to rotate   Export Animated Image   Print3D Structural highlights 5cau is a 1 chain structure. Full crystallographic information is available from OCA. For a guided tour on the structure components use FirstGlance. Ligands: 4ZR, SO4 Activity: Receptor protein-tyrosine kinase, with EC number 2.7.10.1 Resources: FirstGlance, OCA, PDBe, RCSB, PDBsum, ProSAT Disease [EGFR_HUMAN] Defects in EGFR are associated with lung cancer (LNCR) [MIM:211980]. LNCR is a common malignancy affecting tissues of the lung. The most common form of lung cancer is non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) that can be divided into 3 major histologic subtypes: squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and large cell lung cancer. NSCLC is often diagnosed at an advanced stage and has a poor prognosis. Function [EGFR_HUMAN] Receptor tyrosine kinase binding ligands of the EGF family and activating several signaling cascades to convert extracellular cues into appropriate cellular responses. Known ligands include EGF, TGFA/TGF-alpha, amphiregulin, epigen/EPGN, BTC/betacellulin, epiregulin/EREG and HBEGF/heparin-binding EGF. Ligand binding triggers receptor homo- and/or heterodimerization and autophosphorylation on key cytoplasmic residues. The phosphorylated receptor recruits adapter proteins like GRB2 which in turn activates complex downstream signaling cascades. Activates at least 4 major downstream signaling cascades including the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK, PI3 kinase-AKT, PLCgamma-PKC and STATs modules. May also activate the NF-kappa-B signaling cascade. Also directly phosphorylates other proteins like RGS16, activating its GTPase activity and probably coupling the EGF receptor signaling to the G protein-coupled receptor signaling. Also phosphorylates MUC1 and increases its interaction with SRC and CTNNB1/beta-catenin. Isoform 2 may act as an antagonist of EGF action. Publication Abstract from PubMed Because of their increased activity against activating mutants, first-generation epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) kinase inhibitors have had remarkable success in treating non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, but acquired resistance, through a secondary mutation of the gatekeeper residue, means that clinical responses only last for 8-14 months. Addressing this unmet medical need requires agents that can target both of the most common double mutants: T790M/L858R (TMLR) and T790M/del(746-750) (TMdel). Herein we describe how a noncovalent double mutant selective lead compound was optimized using a strategy focused on the structure-guided increase in potency without added lipophilicity or reduction of three-dimensional character. Following successive rounds of design and synthesis it was discovered that cis-fluoro substitution on 4-hydroxy- and 4-methoxypiperidinyl groups provided synergistic, substantial, and specific potency gain through direct interaction with the enzyme and/or effects on the proximal ligand oxygen atom. Further development of the fluorohydroxypiperidine series resulted in the identification of a pair of diastereomers that showed 50-fold enzyme and cell based selectivity for T790M mutants over wild-type EGFR (wtEGFR) in vitro and pathway knock-down in an in vivo xenograft model. Noncovalent Mutant Selective Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitors: A Lead Optimization Case Study.,Heald R, Bowman KK, Bryan MC, Burdick D, Chan B, Chan E, Chen Y, Clausen S, Dominguez-Fernandez B, Eigenbrot C, Elliott R, Hanan EJ, Jackson P, Knight J, La H, Lainchbury M, Malek S, Mann S, Merchant M, Mortara K, Purkey H, Schaefer G, Schmidt S, Seward E, Sideris S, Shao L, Wang S, Yeap K, Yen I, Yu C, Heffron TP J Med Chem. 2015 Nov 25;58(22):8877-95. doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01412. Epub, 2015 Nov 12. PMID:26455919 From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. See Also Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor

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