Sandbox 420: Difference between revisions

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== Function ==

CB1 is one of two receptors in the human body that recognizes five endocannabinoid compounds as well as exogenous cannabinoids like THC and K2. The CB1 receptor is a G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) located primarily in the nervous system ~~(5)~~. The primary function of the CB1 receptor is to bind endogenous and exogenous ligands to activate signal transduction pathways for the cells in which they are located ~~(5)~~. The function of CB1 receptors thus depends on the location of the receptor as well as the type of ligand binding to the receptor. As a result, CB1 receptors are involved in regulating a variety of physiological functions including regulation of neurotransmitters, pain modulation, memory, motor control, control of appetite, and regulation of anxiety.

CB1 is one of two receptors in the human body that recognizes five endocannabinoid compounds as well as exogenous cannabinoids like THC and K2. The CB1 receptor is a G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) located primarily in the nervous system <ref name="review">PMID: 185848585</ref>. The primary function of the CB1 receptor is to bind endogenous and exogenous ligands to activate signal transduction pathways for the cells in which they are located <ref name = "review"/>. The function of CB1 receptors thus depends on the location of the receptor as well as the type of ligand binding to the receptor. As a result, CB1 receptors are involved in regulating a variety of physiological functions including regulation of neurotransmitters, pain modulation, memory, motor control, control of appetite, and regulation of anxiety.

==Regulation of Neurotransmitters==

The highest concentration of CB1 receptors is found within presynaptic nerve terminals (6). When ligands bind to CB1 receptors in presynaptic nerve terminals, calcium channels are inhibited. The release of calcium is a key component of nerve signal transduction pathway that results in the release of neurotransmitters in the synaptic cleft. As a result, activated CB1 receptors are able to regulate the release of neurotransmitters. CB1 receptors have been shown to inhibit the release of glutamate, acetylcholine, and noradrenaline ~~(5)~~.

The highest concentration of CB1 receptors is found within presynaptic nerve terminals (6). When ligands bind to CB1 receptors in presynaptic nerve terminals, calcium channels are inhibited. The release of calcium is a key component of nerve signal transduction pathway that results in the release of neurotransmitters in the synaptic cleft. As a result, activated CB1 receptors are able to regulate the release of neurotransmitters. CB1 receptors have been shown to inhibit the release of glutamate, acetylcholine, and noradrenaline <ref name = "review"/>.

Additionally, activated CB1 receptors suppresses the activity of GABAergic neurons, which control neurons responsible for the release of dopamine (7). By suppressing GABAergic neurons, dopamine levels in the brain are increased. This action of CB1 receptors is responsible for the pleasure associated the THC use and the potential for abuse of exergonic cannabinoids.

Sandbox 420: Difference between revisions

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 == Function ==
-CB1 is one of two receptors in the human body that recognizes five endocannabinoid compounds as well as exogenous cannabinoids like THC and K2. The CB1 receptor is a G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) located primarily in the nervous system (5). The primary function of the CB1 receptor is to bind endogenous and exogenous ligands to activate signal transduction pathways for the cells in which they are located (5). The function of CB1 receptors thus depends on the location of the receptor as well as the type of ligand binding to the receptor. As a result, CB1 receptors are involved in regulating a variety of physiological functions including regulation of neurotransmitters, pain modulation, memory, motor control, control of appetite, and regulation of anxiety.
+CB1 is one of two receptors in the human body that recognizes five endocannabinoid compounds as well as exogenous cannabinoids like THC and K2. The CB1 receptor is a G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) located primarily in the nervous system <ref name="review">PMID: 185848585</ref>. The primary function of the CB1 receptor is to bind endogenous and exogenous ligands to activate signal transduction pathways for the cells in which they are located <ref name = "review"/>. The function of CB1 receptors thus depends on the location of the receptor as well as the type of ligand binding to the receptor. As a result, CB1 receptors are involved in regulating a variety of physiological functions including regulation of neurotransmitters, pain modulation, memory, motor control, control of appetite, and regulation of anxiety.
 ==Regulation of Neurotransmitters==
-The highest concentration of CB1 receptors is found within presynaptic nerve terminals (6). When ligands bind to CB1 receptors in presynaptic nerve terminals, calcium channels are inhibited. The release of calcium is a key component of nerve signal transduction pathway that results in the release of neurotransmitters in the synaptic cleft. As a result, activated CB1 receptors are able to regulate the release of neurotransmitters. CB1 receptors have been shown to inhibit the release of glutamate, acetylcholine, and noradrenaline (5).
+The highest concentration of CB1 receptors is found within presynaptic nerve terminals (6). When ligands bind to CB1 receptors in presynaptic nerve terminals, calcium channels are inhibited. The release of calcium is a key component of nerve signal transduction pathway that results in the release of neurotransmitters in the synaptic cleft. As a result, activated CB1 receptors are able to regulate the release of neurotransmitters. CB1 receptors have been shown to inhibit the release of glutamate, acetylcholine, and noradrenaline <ref name = "review"/>.
 Additionally,  activated CB1 receptors suppresses the activity of GABAergic neurons,  which control neurons responsible for the release of dopamine (7). By suppressing GABAergic neurons, dopamine levels in the brain are increased. This action of CB1 receptors is responsible for the pleasure associated the THC use and the potential for abuse of exergonic cannabinoids.