Structural highlights
Function
[SAST_HUMAN] In fatty acid biosynthesis chain termination and release of the free fatty acid product is achieved by hydrolysis of the thio ester by a thioesterase I, a component of the fatty acid synthetase complex. The chain length of the released fatty acid is usually C16. However, in the mammary glands of non-ruminant mammals, and in the uropygial gland of certain waterfowl there exists a second thioesterase which releases medium-chain length fatty acids (C8 to C2) (By similarity).
Publication Abstract from PubMed
The type I fatty acid synthase (FASN) is responsible for the de novo synthesis of palmitate. Chain length selection and release is performed by the C-terminal thioesterase domain (TE1). FASN expression is upregulated in cancer, and its activity levels controlled by gene dosage, transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms. In addition, the chain length of fatty acids produced by FASN is controlled by a type II thioesterase called TE2 (E.C. 3.1.2.14). TE2 has been implicated in breast cancer and generates a broad lipid distribution within milk. The molecular basis for the ability of the TE2 to compete with TE1 for the acyl chain attached to the acyl carrier protein (ACP) domain of FASN is unknown. Herein, we show that human TE1 efficiently hydrolyzes acyl-CoA substrate mimetics. In contrast, TE2 prefers an engineered human acyl-ACP substrate and readily releases short chain fatty acids from full-length FASN during turnover. The 2.8 A crystal structure of TE2 reveals a novel capping domain insert within the alpha/beta hydrolase core. This domain is reminiscent of capping domains of type II thioesterases involved in polyketide synthesis. The structure also reveals that the capping domain had collapsed onto the active site containing the Ser101-His237-Asp212 catalytic triad. This observation suggests that the capping domain opens to enable the ACP domain to dock and to place the acyl chain and 4-phosphopantetheinyl-linker arm correctly for catalysis. Thus, the ability of TE2 to prematurely release fatty acids from FASN parallels the role of editing thioesterases involved in polyketide and non-ribosomal peptide synthase synthases.
Crystal Structure and Substrate Specificity of Human Thioesterase 2: Insights into the Molecular Basis for the Modulation of Fatty Acid Synthase.,Ritchie MK, Johnson LC, Clodfelter JE, Pemble CW 4th, Fulp BE, Furdui CM, Kridel SJ, Lowther WT J Biol Chem. 2015 Dec 9. pii: jbc.M115.702597. PMID:26663084[1]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
References
- ↑ Ritchie MK, Johnson LC, Clodfelter JE, Pemble CW 4th, Fulp BE, Furdui CM, Kridel SJ, Lowther WT. Crystal Structure and Substrate Specificity of Human Thioesterase 2: Insights into the Molecular Basis for the Modulation of Fatty Acid Synthase. J Biol Chem. 2015 Dec 9. pii: jbc.M115.702597. PMID:26663084 doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M115.702597
