Carbohydrates II

spinqualitylabelsall models Carbohydrates Show:Asymmetric Unit Biological Assembly Drag the structure with the mouse to rotate   Export Animated Image   Print3D Monosaccharides D-gliceraldehyde molecular structure L-gliceraldehyde molecular structure. Mirror images from each other. D-glucose carbon C1 and C5 approach Pyranose ring. α-D-glucopyranose. β-D-fructofuranose. D-glucosamine Disaccharides 2 glucose molecules approach. 1 water molecule is losed a glycosidic bond is formed. Maltose shows a α-glycosidic bond Cellobiose shows a β-glycosidic bond, like sucrose. Polysaccharides Starch Amylose Maltose (2 residues of glucose) We add a 3th, 4th, 5th and 6th residues. Activate rotation to observe helical structure Zoom out and adition of more glucose residues to reach a 30 residues molecule Look from a polar view. Amylopectin.- A fragment of amylopectin including 5 glucose residues. Zoom in to show a Branch point 4 residues at branch point. By adding to initial structure 25 glucose residues we get a 30 residues amylopectin fragment. Zoom out to show that branch points are spaced by 24 y 30 glucose residues. Glycogen.- Structure like amylopectin but with branch points spaced by 8-12 glucsoe residues. Cellulose.- Cellobiose (2 glucose residues) Zoom out We add a 3th, a 4th, a 5th and a 6th glucose residue to show the helical structure of cellulose molecule (more extended that the amylose one). Zoom out and adition of new residues to complete a 30 residuos cellulose fragment. Look from a polar view Chitin.- A polymer of β-N-acetil-D-glucosamina. A 3 residues chitin fragment. Hyaluronic acid.- Heteropolysaccharide with alternating residues of β-N-acetil-D-glucosamine and glucuronic acid

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Alejandro Porto, Jaime Prilusky, Karsten Theis