Sandbox reserved 1169: Difference between revisions
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The neurotensin receptor (NTSR1) belongs to the superfamily of proteins known as [http://proteopedia.org/wiki/index.php/G_protein-coupled_receptor G protein-coupled receptors] (GPCRs) and responds to the 13 amino acid hormone [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurotensin neurotensin (NTS)]. Currently around 800 G protein-coupled receptors have been identified and are hypothesized to be responsible for roughly 80% of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signal_transduction signal transduction].<ref name="Millar">PMID:20019124</ref> GPCRs are involved in a vast array of physiological processes within the body that range from interactions with [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dopamine dopamine] to effects on secretion of bile in the intestines.<ref name="Gui">PMID:11208724</ref> <ref name="Binder">PMID:1173461</ref> Due to the vast array of functions that these proteins serve and their high abundance within the body, these proteins have become major drug targets.<ref name="Fang">PMID:23573662</ref> | The neurotensin receptor (NTSR1) belongs to the superfamily of proteins known as [http://proteopedia.org/wiki/index.php/G_protein-coupled_receptor G protein-coupled receptors] (GPCRs) and responds to the 13 amino acid hormone [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurotensin neurotensin (NTS)]. Currently around 800 G protein-coupled receptors have been identified and are hypothesized to be responsible for roughly 80% of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signal_transduction signal transduction].<ref name="Millar">PMID:20019124</ref> GPCRs are involved in a vast array of physiological processes within the body that range from interactions with [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dopamine dopamine] to effects on secretion of bile in the intestines.<ref name="Gui">PMID:11208724</ref> <ref name="Binder">PMID:1173461</ref> Due to the vast array of functions that these proteins serve and their high abundance within the body, these proteins have become major drug targets.<ref name="Fang">PMID:23573662</ref> | ||
A critical topic in the understanding of GPCRs is the transition from the inactive to active state. This transition is responsible for the transduction of a signal from the extracellular to the intercellular space. The transition occurs when a ligand, NTS in the case of NTSR1, binds to the receptor causing a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conformational_change conformational change] in the protein that leads to the activation of the intercellular G protein. Currently no crystal structures of the receptor in its unbound form exist making the transition more difficult to study. <ref name="White">PMID:23051748</ref> | A critical topic in the understanding of GPCRs is the transition from the inactive to active state. This transition is responsible for the transduction of a signal from the extracellular to the intercellular space. The transition occurs when a ligand, NTS in the case of NTSR1, binds to the receptor causing a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conformational_change conformational change] in the protein that leads to the activation of the intercellular G protein. Currently no crystal structures of the receptor in its unbound, inactive form exist making the transition more difficult to study. <ref name="White">PMID:23051748</ref> | ||
== Neurotensin == | == Neurotensin == | ||
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurotensin Neurotensin (NTS)] is a 13-amino acid peptide originally isolated from [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bovinae&redirect=no bovine] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypothalamus hypothalamus]. It fulfills the role of both a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurotransmitter neurotransmitter] and a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuromodulation neuromodulator] in the nervous system and a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hormone hormone] in the periphery. NTS is a neuromodulator of dopamine transmission and of anterior [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pituitary_gland pituitary] hormone secretion. It is also a [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paracrine_signalling&redirect=no paracrine] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endocrine_system endocrine] modulator in the periphery of the digestive tract and cardiovascular system. Finally, NTS serves as a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_factor growth factor] for many normal and cancerous cell types.<ref name="Vincent">PMID:10390649</ref> | [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurotensin Neurotensin (NTS)] is a 13-amino acid peptide originally isolated from [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bovinae&redirect=no bovine] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypothalamus hypothalamus]. It fulfills the role of both a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurotransmitter neurotransmitter] and a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuromodulation neuromodulator] in the nervous system and a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hormone hormone] in the periphery. NTS is a neuromodulator of dopamine transmission and of anterior [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pituitary_gland pituitary] hormone secretion. It is also a [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paracrine_signalling&redirect=no paracrine] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endocrine_system endocrine] modulator in the periphery of the digestive tract and cardiovascular system. Finally, NTS serves as a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_factor growth factor] for many normal and cancerous cell types.<ref name="Vincent">PMID:10390649</ref> | ||
