Sandbox WWC3: Difference between revisions

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<noinclude></noinclude>[[Sodium channels]] <ref name ="sod">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_channel</ref> are voltage gated integral membrane proteins found in muscles and neurons that selectively allow for the diffusion of sodium ions across the membrane. These proteins important for all cells but are specifically responsible initiating electrical signaling in these cells <ref>doi: 10.1038/nature10238</ref> and are commonly targets of drugs and mutation. Each sodium channel is composed of two subunits: the alpha subunit, which is the ion channel transmembrane domain <ref name = "sod"/>, and two beta subunits that modulate channel gating and regulate the channel expression in the membrane <ref name ="beta">PMID: 11486343</ref>. The alpha subunit is able to function independently of the beta subunit<ref name = "beta"/> .

<noinclude></noinclude>[[Sodium channels]] <ref name ="sod">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_channel</ref> are voltage gated integral membrane proteins found in muscles and neurons that selectively allow for the diffusion of sodium ions across the membrane. These proteins important for all cells but are specifically responsible initiating electrical signaling in these cells <ref name = "crystal">doi: 10.1038/nature10238</ref> and are commonly targets of drugs and mutation. Each sodium channel is composed of two subunits: the alpha subunit, which is the ion channel transmembrane domain <ref name = "sod"/>, and two beta subunits that modulate channel gating and regulate the channel expression in the membrane <ref name ="beta">PMID: 11486343</ref>. The alpha subunit is able to function independently of the beta subunit<ref name = "beta"/> .

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==Structure==

As noted above, the sodium channel consists of an alpha and two beta subunits. However, the alpha subunit is the only part necessary for the function of the channel <ref name = "sod"/>. The alpha subunit, depicted right, consists of four repeating structures, named I through IV <ref name ="struct"> DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7793.1998.647bp.x </ref> and shown in different colors <scene name='69/696300/Sodium_channel_chain/1'>here</scene>. These structures consist of six transmembrane alpha helices named S1 through S6 <ref name = "struct"/>. Interestingly, each repeating subunit resembles a bacterial K+ channel <ref name = "struct"/>. These subunits fold together to form a central pore, and this complete structure resembles a bacterial Ca2+ channel <ref name = "struct"/>. The S4 ~~segment~~

As noted above, the sodium channel consists of an alpha and two beta subunits. However, the alpha subunit is the only part necessary for the function of the channel <ref name = "sod"/>. The alpha subunit, depicted right, consists of four repeating structures, named I through IV <ref name ="struct"> DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7793.1998.647bp.x </ref> and shown in different colors <scene name='69/696300/Sodium_channel_chain/1'>here</scene>. These structures consist of six transmembrane alpha helices named S1 through S6 <ref name = "struct"/>. Interestingly, each repeating subunit resembles a bacterial K+ channel <ref name = "struct"/>. These subunits fold together to form a central pore, and this complete structure resembles a bacterial Ca2+ channel <ref name = "struct"/>.

The S4 segments consist of repeated motifs of a positively charged residue (usually Arg) followed by two hydrophobic residues <ref name= "crystal"/>.

==Medical Implications==

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-<noinclude></noinclude>[[Sodium channels]] <ref name ="sod">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_channel</ref> are voltage gated integral membrane proteins found in muscles and neurons that selectively allow for the diffusion of sodium ions across the membrane. These proteins important for all cells but are specifically responsible initiating electrical signaling in these cells <ref>doi: 10.1038/nature10238</ref> and are commonly targets of drugs and mutation. Each sodium channel is composed of two subunits: the alpha subunit, which is the ion channel transmembrane domain <ref name = "sod"/>, and two beta subunits that modulate channel gating and regulate the channel expression in the membrane <ref name ="beta">PMID: 11486343</ref>. The alpha subunit is able to function independently of the beta subunit<ref name = "beta"/> .
+<noinclude></noinclude>[[Sodium channels]] <ref name ="sod">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_channel</ref> are voltage gated integral membrane proteins found in muscles and neurons that selectively allow for the diffusion of sodium ions across the membrane. These proteins important for all cells but are specifically responsible initiating electrical signaling in these cells <ref name = "crystal">doi: 10.1038/nature10238</ref> and are commonly targets of drugs and mutation. Each sodium channel is composed of two subunits: the alpha subunit, which is the ion channel transmembrane domain <ref name = "sod"/>, and two beta subunits that modulate channel gating and regulate the channel expression in the membrane <ref name ="beta">PMID: 11486343</ref>. The alpha subunit is able to function independently of the beta subunit<ref name = "beta"/> .
 <Structure load='3EKW' size='350' frame='true' align='right' caption='Insert caption here' scene='Insert optional scene name here' />
@@ Line 6: / Line 6: @@
 ==Structure==
-As noted above, the sodium channel consists of an alpha and two beta subunits. However, the alpha subunit is the only part necessary for the function of the channel <ref name = "sod"/>. The alpha subunit, depicted right, consists of four repeating structures, named I through IV <ref name ="struct"> DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7793.1998.647bp.x </ref> and shown in different colors <scene name='69/696300/Sodium_channel_chain/1'>here</scene>. These structures consist of six transmembrane alpha helices named S1 through S6 <ref name = "struct"/>. Interestingly, each repeating subunit resembles a bacterial K+ channel <ref name = "struct"/>. These subunits fold together to form a central pore, and this complete structure resembles a bacterial Ca2+ channel <ref name = "struct"/>. The S4 segment
+As noted above, the sodium channel consists of an alpha and two beta subunits. However, the alpha subunit is the only part necessary for the function of the channel <ref name = "sod"/>. The alpha subunit, depicted right, consists of four repeating structures, named I through IV <ref name ="struct"> DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7793.1998.647bp.x </ref> and shown in different colors <scene name='69/696300/Sodium_channel_chain/1'>here</scene>. These structures consist of six transmembrane alpha helices named S1 through S6 <ref name = "struct"/>. Interestingly, each repeating subunit resembles a bacterial K+ channel <ref name = "struct"/>. These subunits fold together to form a central pore, and this complete structure resembles a bacterial Ca2+ channel <ref name = "struct"/>.
+The S4 segments consist of repeated motifs of a positively charged residue (usually Arg) followed by two hydrophobic residues <ref name= "crystal"/>.
 ==Medical Implications==