Sandbox Reserved 1172: Difference between revisions

The LPA₁ receptor is present in nearly all cells and tissues throughout the body, and deletion of the LPA₁ receptor has been found to have physiological effects on every organ system, indicating its wide range of functions. Specifically, this receptor has been found to initiate downstream signaling cascades with three G_α proteins: G_i/o, G_q/11, and G_12/13. These G_α proteins begin signaling cascades with molecules such as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phospholipase_C phospholipase C] and [[MAPK]] that signal for cell proliferation, survival, and migration. <ref name = 'Yung'>Yung, Y. C., N. C. Stoddard, and J. Chun. "LPA Receptor Signaling: Pharmacology, Physiology, and Pathophysiology." The Journal of Lipid Research 55.7 (2014): 1192-214. Web. 17 Feb. 2016.' </ref>.Despite this receptor being expressed throughout the body, LPA₁ has been found to be expressed highly in neural tissue, aiding in several different neurodevelopmental processes including growth and folding of the [https://www.dartmouth.edu/~rswenson/NeuroSci/chapter_11.html cerebral cortex] and the growth, survival, and migration of neural [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progenitor_cell progenitor cells] through its different [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G_protein G-protein] regulated pathways.<ref name = 'Chun'>Chun, J., Hla, T., Spiegel, S., and Moolenaar, W.H. “Lysophospholipid Receptors: Signaling and Biochemistry.” John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (2013) pp.i-xviii. 5 Feb. 2016.' </ref>. Finally, LPA1 receptors expressed in neural tissue aid in Schwann cell migration and myelination through a signaling pathway with the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAC1 Rac1] G-protein.<ref name="number5">PMID: 24115248</ref>.