User:Daniel Schemenauer/Sandbox 1: Difference between revisions
From Proteopedia
Jump to navigationJump to search
No edit summary |
No edit summary |
||
| Line 2: | Line 2: | ||
= metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 5 = | = metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 5 = | ||
== Introduction == | == Introduction == | ||
G-coupled protein receptors [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G_protein–coupled_receptor GPCR's] are helical trans-membrane proteins that bind to an extracellular signal and activate a cellular response. The human genome encodes for approximately 750 GPCR's, 350 of which are known to respond to extracellular ligands<ref name="GPCRRep">PMID: 12679517 </ref>. GPCR's are divided into four major classes based on sequence similarity and transduction mechanism: Class A,B,C, and F<ref name="MSGPCR">PMID:23407534</ref>. Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 5 (<scene name='72/726409/Overview/5'>mGlu<sub>5</sub></scene>) is a class C GPCR that is involved in the G<sub>q</sub> pathway<ref name="CCGPCR">PMID:12782243</ref>. In this pathway, the G-protein disassociates and the alpha subunit activates [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phospholipase_C Phospholipase C]. Phospholipase C in turn cleaves [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphatidylinositol_4,5-bisphosphate PIP2] to [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diglyceride DA] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inositol_trisphosphate IP3]. IP3 then binds to calcium channels on the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endoplasmic_reticulum Endoplasmic reticulum] creating an increased cellular concentration of calcium. Increased calcium concentrations thus leads to increased neuronal activity<ref name="MSGPCR">PMID:23407534</ref>. | G-coupled protein receptors [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G_protein–coupled_receptor (GPCR's)] are helical trans-membrane proteins that bind to an extracellular signal and activate a cellular response. The human genome encodes for approximately 750 GPCR's, 350 of which are known to respond to extracellular ligands<ref name="GPCRRep">PMID: 12679517 </ref>. GPCR's are divided into four major classes based on sequence similarity and transduction mechanism: Class A,B,C, and F<ref name="MSGPCR">PMID:23407534</ref>. Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 5 (<scene name='72/726409/Overview/5'>mGlu<sub>5</sub></scene>) is a class C GPCR that is involved in the G<sub>q</sub> pathway<ref name="CCGPCR">PMID:12782243</ref>. In this pathway glutamate binds to the extracellular domain of mGlu<sub>5</sub>, the trans-membrane domains undergo a conformational change that activates the coupled [http://proteopedia.org/wiki/index.php/GTP-binding_protein G-protein] on the intracellular side of the membrane. <ref name="Primary">PMID: 25042998 </ref> | ||
The activated G-protein disassociates and the alpha subunit activates [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phospholipase_C Phospholipase C]. Phospholipase C in turn cleaves [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphatidylinositol_4,5-bisphosphate PIP2] to [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diglyceride DA] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inositol_trisphosphate IP3]. IP3 then binds to calcium channels on the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endoplasmic_reticulum Endoplasmic reticulum] creating an increased cellular concentration of calcium. Increased calcium concentrations thus leads to increased neuronal activity<ref name="MSGPCR">PMID:23407534</ref>. Due to its involvement in neuronal activity mGlu<sub>5</sub> is highly expressed in neuronal and glial cells in the central nervous system, where glutamate serves as the major neurotransmitter. | |||
== Structure == | == Structure == | ||
=== Overall Stucture === | === Overall Stucture === | ||
