Sandbox Reserved 1165: Difference between revisions
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==How These Structures Lead to Function== | ==How These Structures Lead to Function== | ||
Structurally, the 7TM and its signature seven helical structure is involved in [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Principles_of_Biochemistry/Signaling_inside_the_Cell signaling] via [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Structural_Biochemistry/Energy_coupling_in_chemical_reactions coupling] to [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heterotrimeric_G_protein heterotrimeric G proteins] that activate [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenylyl_cyclase adenylate cyclase] to increase the levels of intracellular [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclic_adenosine_monophosphate cyclic AMP]. Additionally, this coupling increases levels of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inositol_phosphate IP3] and intracellular [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium calcium] levels. <ref name="Tips">PMID: 23863937</ref> The wider and deeper ligand-binding pocket of class B GPCRs allows for a vast array of molecules to be bound that allow for numerous functions activated by peptide [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Receptor_(biochemistry) receptors]. <ref name="Ligands">PMID: 21542831</ref> The conformation and orientation of the 7TM and the ECD regions dictate the functionality of the class B G protein-coupled receptor, which has an open and closed [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conformation conformation] of the GCGR. When glucagon binds to GCGR, the open conformation of GCGR is stabilized. The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_site binding site] location of the hormone peptide ligand has been identified, and the N-terminus of glucagon is known to bind deep into the <scene name='72/721535/Binding_pocket_orange/1'>binding pocket</scene>. The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amino_acid amino acids] at the N-terminus of the class B 7TM have the ability to form [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen_bond hydrogen bonds] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionic_bonding ionic interactions], which can be seen in the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peptide_sequence amino acid sequence] of glucagon (Figure 2). <ref name="Sequence">PMID: 11946536</ref> | Structurally, the 7TM and its signature seven helical structure is involved in [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Principles_of_Biochemistry/Signaling_inside_the_Cell signaling] via [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Structural_Biochemistry/Energy_coupling_in_chemical_reactions coupling] to [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heterotrimeric_G_protein heterotrimeric G proteins] that activate [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenylyl_cyclase adenylate cyclase] to increase the levels of intracellular [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclic_adenosine_monophosphate cyclic AMP]. Additionally, this coupling increases levels of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inositol_phosphate IP3] and intracellular [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium calcium] levels. <ref name="Tips">PMID: 23863937</ref> The wider and deeper ligand-binding pocket of class B GPCRs allows for a vast array of molecules to be bound that in turn allow for numerous functions activated by peptide [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Receptor_(biochemistry) receptors]. <ref name="Ligands">PMID: 21542831</ref> The conformation and orientation of the 7TM and the ECD regions dictate the functionality of the class B G protein-coupled receptor, which has an open and closed [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conformation conformation] of the GCGR. When glucagon binds to GCGR, the open conformation of GCGR is stabilized. The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_site binding site] location of the hormone peptide ligand has been identified, and the N-terminus of glucagon is known to bind deep into the <scene name='72/721535/Binding_pocket_orange/1'>binding pocket</scene>. The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amino_acid amino acids] at the N-terminus of the class B 7TM have the ability to form [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen_bond hydrogen bonds] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionic_bonding ionic interactions], which can be seen in the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peptide_sequence amino acid sequence] of glucagon (Figure 2). <ref name="Sequence">PMID: 11946536</ref> | ||
