Nos1: Difference between revisions
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In humans, three nitric oxide synthase isoforms are expressed which include NOS1 (neuronal NOS or nNOS), NOS2 (inducible NOS or iNOS), and NOS3 (endothelial NOS or eNOS).<ref>Stuehr DJ (May 1999). "Mammalian nitric oxide synthases". Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1411 (2–3): 217–30. doi:10.1016/S0005-2728(99)00016-X. PMID 10320659.</ref> NOS1 is located on chromosome 12<ref>Knowles RG, Moncada S (March 1994). "Nitric oxide synthases in mammals". Biochem. J. 298 (2): 249–58. PMC 1137932. PMID 7510950.</ref> and is expressed in all tissues but has displayed high expression in skeletal muscle as well as in brain, testicular, lung, and kidney tissues.<ref>Ward ME, Toporsian M, Scott JA, et al (2005). Hypoxia induces a functionally significant and translationally efficient neuronal NO synthase mRNA variant. Journal of Clinical Investigation. 115(11):3128-3139. doi:10.1172/JCI20806.</ref> Moderate expression has also been observed in heart, adrenal gland, and retinal tissues.<ref>Ward ME, Toporsian M, Scott JA, et al (2005). Hypoxia induces a functionally significant and translationally efficient neuronal NO synthase mRNA variant. Journal of Clinical Investigation. 115(11):3128-3139. doi:10.1172/JCI20806.</ref> | In humans, three nitric oxide synthase isoforms are expressed which include NOS1 (neuronal NOS or nNOS), NOS2 (inducible NOS or iNOS), and NOS3 (endothelial NOS or eNOS).<ref>Stuehr DJ (May 1999). "Mammalian nitric oxide synthases". Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1411 (2–3): 217–30. doi:10.1016/S0005-2728(99)00016-X. PMID 10320659.</ref> NOS1 is located on chromosome 12<ref>Knowles RG, Moncada S (March 1994). "Nitric oxide synthases in mammals". Biochem. J. 298 (2): 249–58. PMC 1137932. PMID 7510950.</ref> and is expressed in all tissues but has displayed high expression in skeletal muscle as well as in brain, testicular, lung, and kidney tissues.<ref>Ward ME, Toporsian M, Scott JA, et al (2005). Hypoxia induces a functionally significant and translationally efficient neuronal NO synthase mRNA variant. Journal of Clinical Investigation. 115(11):3128-3139. doi:10.1172/JCI20806.</ref> Moderate expression has also been observed in heart, adrenal gland, and retinal tissues.<ref>Ward ME, Toporsian M, Scott JA, et al (2005). Hypoxia induces a functionally significant and translationally efficient neuronal NO synthase mRNA variant. Journal of Clinical Investigation. 115(11):3128-3139. doi:10.1172/JCI20806.</ref> | ||
Nitric oxide synthases consume L-arginine and molecular oxygen to form the free radical nitric oxide, which acts as a signaling molecule in a wide range of molecular and biological processes.<ref>Hou, YC; Janczuk, A; Wang, PG (1999). "Current trends in the development of nitric oxide donors". Current pharmaceutical design 5 (6): 417–41.</ref> NOS1 is suggested to be a membrane-bound enzyme as its activity was observed to be localized to plasma membranes. Specifically, NOS1 activity was localized to dendritic spines and to sarcolemma according to a 1994 study.<ref>M Hecker, A Mulsch, R Busse (1994. Subcellular localization and characterization of neuronal nitric oxide synthase. J. Neurochem., 62, pp. 1524–1529</ref> The reaction catalyzed by nitric oxide synthase is shown below.<ref>Knowles RG, Moncada S (March 1994). "Nitric oxide synthases in mammals". Biochem. J. 298 (2): 249–58. PMC 1137932. PMID 7510950.</ref> | Nitric oxide synthases consume L-arginine and molecular oxygen to form the free radical nitric oxide, which acts as a signaling molecule in a wide range of molecular and biological processes.<ref>Hou, YC; Janczuk, A; Wang, PG (1999). "Current trends in the development of nitric oxide donors". Current pharmaceutical design 5 (6): 417–41.</ref> NOS1 is suggested to be a membrane-bound enzyme as its activity was observed to be localized to plasma membranes. Specifically, NOS1 activity was localized to dendritic spines and to sarcolemma according to a 1994 study.<ref>M Hecker, A Mulsch, R Busse (1994). Subcellular localization and characterization of neuronal nitric oxide synthase. J. Neurochem., 62, pp. 1524–1529</ref> The reaction catalyzed by nitric oxide synthase is shown below.<ref>Knowles RG, Moncada S (March 1994). "Nitric oxide synthases in mammals". Biochem. J. 298 (2): 249–58. PMC 1137932. PMID 7510950.</ref> | ||
2 L-arginine + 3 NADPH + 4 O(2) = 2 L- citrulline + 2 nitric oxide + 3 NADP(+) + 4 H(2)O | 2 L-arginine + 3 NADPH + 4 O(2) = 2 L- citrulline + 2 nitric oxide + 3 NADP(+) + 4 H(2)O | ||
