GPR40: Difference between revisions

Human G-protein coupled receptor 40 (hGPR40), also known as free fatty acid 1 receptor (FFAR1), is a seven helical transmembrane domain receptor that recognizes long-chain free [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatty_acid fatty acids] and induces insulin secretion.<ref name="Srivastava">PMID:25043059</ref> Some known fatty acid substrates of hGPR40 include [http://www.news-medical.net/health/What-is-Linoleic-Acid.aspx linoleic acid], [http://www.livestrong.com/article/438717-what-is-oleic-acid/ oleic acid], [http://www.hmdb.ca/metabolites/hmdb02925 eicosatrienoic acid], and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmitoleic_acid palmitoleic acid]<ref name="Morgan">PMID:19660440</ref>. hGPR40 is highly expressed in human pancreatic [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_cell β cells], brain, and endocrine cells of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastrointestinal_tract gastrointestinal tract].<ref name = "RenXM">PMID:26974599</ref> hGPR40 is of particular interest because the triggering of insulin secrection is [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucose glucose] dependent.This glucose-dependence for hGPR40 signaling makes it a target for the treatment of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes_mellitus_type_2 type-2 diabetes] as agonists could increase glycemic control and lower the risk of hypoglycemia.<ref name="Srivastava"/> GPR40 is a member of a group of homologous [[GPCRs]] all located on chromosome 19q13.1 including GPCR41, 42, and 43.<ref name="Burant">PMID:23882043</ref>