| Structural highlights
Function
[GID1A_ARATH] Functions as soluble gibberellin (GA) receptor. GA is an essential hormone that regulates growth and development in plants. Binds with high affinity the biologically active gibberellin GA4, but has no affinity for the biologically inactive GAs. In response to GA, interacts with specific DELLA proteins, known as repressors of GA-induced growth, and targets them for degradation via proteasome. Seems to be required for GA signaling that controls root growth, seed germination, stem elongation and flower development. Partially redundant with GID1B and GID1C.[1] [2] [3] [GAI_ARATH] Probable transcriptional regulator that acts as a repressor of the gibberellin (GA) signaling pathway. No effect of the BOI proteins on its stability. Probably acts by participating in large multiprotein complexes that repress transcription of GA-inducible genes. Positively regulates XERICO expression. In contrast to RGA, it is less sensitive to GA. Its activity is probably regulated by other phytohormones such as auxin and ethylene.[4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11]
Publication Abstract from PubMed
Gibberellins control a range of growth and developmental processes in higher plants and have been widely used in the agricultural industry. By binding to a nuclear receptor, GIBBERELLIN INSENSITIVE DWARF1 (GID1), gibberellins regulate gene expression by promoting degradation of the transcriptional regulator DELLA proteins, including GIBBERELLIN INSENSITIVE (GAI). The precise manner in which GID1 discriminates and becomes activated by bioactive gibberellins for specific binding to DELLA proteins remains unclear. Here we present the crystal structure of a ternary complex of Arabidopsis thaliana GID1A, a bioactive gibberellin and the amino-terminal DELLA domain of GAI. In this complex, GID1A occludes gibberellin in a deep binding pocket covered by its N-terminal helical switch region, which in turn interacts with the DELLA domain containing DELLA, VHYNP and LExLE motifs. Our results establish a structural model of a plant hormone receptor that is distinct from the mechanism of the hormone perception and effector recognition of the known auxin receptors.
Gibberellin-induced DELLA recognition by the gibberellin receptor GID1.,Murase K, Hirano Y, Sun TP, Hakoshima T Nature. 2008 Nov 27;456(7221):459-63. PMID:19037309[12]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
References
- ↑ Nakajima M, Shimada A, Takashi Y, Kim YC, Park SH, Ueguchi-Tanaka M, Suzuki H, Katoh E, Iuchi S, Kobayashi M, Maeda T, Matsuoka M, Yamaguchi I. Identification and characterization of Arabidopsis gibberellin receptors. Plant J. 2006 Jun;46(5):880-9. PMID:16709201 doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-313X.2006.02748.x
- ↑ Griffiths J, Murase K, Rieu I, Zentella R, Zhang ZL, Powers SJ, Gong F, Phillips AL, Hedden P, Sun TP, Thomas SG. Genetic characterization and functional analysis of the GID1 gibberellin receptors in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell. 2006 Dec;18(12):3399-414. Epub 2006 Dec 28. PMID:17194763 doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1105/tpc.106.047415
- ↑ Iuchi S, Suzuki H, Kim YC, Iuchi A, Kuromori T, Ueguchi-Tanaka M, Asami T, Yamaguchi I, Matsuoka M, Kobayashi M, Nakajima M. Multiple loss-of-function of Arabidopsis gibberellin receptor AtGID1s completely shuts down a gibberellin signal. Plant J. 2007 Jun;50(6):958-66. Epub 2007 May 23. PMID:17521411 doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-313X.2007.03098.x
- ↑ Fu X, Sudhakar D, Peng J, Richards DE, Christou P, Harberd NP. Expression of Arabidopsis GAI in transgenic rice represses multiple gibberellin responses. Plant Cell. 2001 Aug;13(8):1791-802. PMID:11487693
- ↑ King KE, Moritz T, Harberd NP. Gibberellins are not required for normal stem growth in Arabidopsis thaliana in the absence of GAI and RGA. Genetics. 2001 Oct;159(2):767-76. PMID:11606551
- ↑ Dill A, Sun T. Synergistic derepression of gibberellin signaling by removing RGA and GAI function in Arabidopsis thaliana. Genetics. 2001 Oct;159(2):777-85. PMID:11606552
- ↑ Cheng H, Qin L, Lee S, Fu X, Richards DE, Cao D, Luo D, Harberd NP, Peng J. Gibberellin regulates Arabidopsis floral development via suppression of DELLA protein function. Development. 2004 Mar;131(5):1055-64. PMID:14973286 doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.00992
- ↑ Yu H, Ito T, Zhao Y, Peng J, Kumar P, Meyerowitz EM. Floral homeotic genes are targets of gibberellin signaling in flower development. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 May 18;101(20):7827-32. Epub 2004 May 5. PMID:15128937 doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0402377101
- ↑ Cao D, Hussain A, Cheng H, Peng J. Loss of function of four DELLA genes leads to light- and gibberellin-independent seed germination in Arabidopsis. Planta. 2005 Dec;223(1):105-13. Epub 2005 Jul 21. PMID:16034591 doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00425-005-0057-3
- ↑ Zentella R, Zhang ZL, Park M, Thomas SG, Endo A, Murase K, Fleet CM, Jikumaru Y, Nambara E, Kamiya Y, Sun TP. Global analysis of della direct targets in early gibberellin signaling in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell. 2007 Oct;19(10):3037-57. Epub 2007 Oct 12. PMID:17933900 doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1105/tpc.107.054999
- ↑ Peng J, Carol P, Richards DE, King KE, Cowling RJ, Murphy GP, Harberd NP. The Arabidopsis GAI gene defines a signaling pathway that negatively regulates gibberellin responses. Genes Dev. 1997 Dec 1;11(23):3194-205. PMID:9389651
- ↑ Murase K, Hirano Y, Sun TP, Hakoshima T. Gibberellin-induced DELLA recognition by the gibberellin receptor GID1. Nature. 2008 Nov 27;456(7221):459-63. PMID:19037309 doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature07519
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