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==Human Lactose synthase: A 2:1 complex between human alpha-lactalbumin and human beta1,4-galactosyltransferase==
==Human Lactose synthase: A 2:1 complex between human alpha-lactalbumin and human beta1,4-galactosyltransferase==
<StructureSection load='4l41' size='340' side='right' caption='[[4l41]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.70&Aring;' scene=''>
<StructureSection load='4l41' size='340' side='right'caption='[[4l41]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.70&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[4l41]] is a 3 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human Human]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=4L41 OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4L41 FirstGlance]. <br>
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[4l41]] is a 3 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=4L41 OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4L41 FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=CA:CALCIUM+ION'>CA</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=SO4:SULFATE+ION'>SO4</scene></td></tr>
</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=CA:CALCIUM+ION'>CA</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=SO4:SULFATE+ION'>SO4</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[1a4v|1a4v]], [[2aec|2aec]], [[1nf5|1nf5]], [[4krv|4krv]]</td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4l41 FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=4l41 OCA], [https://pdbe.org/4l41 PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=4l41 RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/4l41 PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=4l41 ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
<tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">4-galactosyltransferase, beta1, LALBA, LYZL7 ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 HUMAN]), alpha-lactalbumin, B4GALT1, GGTB2 ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 HUMAN])</td></tr>
<tr id='activity'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactose_synthase Lactose synthase], with EC number [http://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=2.4.1.22 2.4.1.22] </span></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4l41 FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=4l41 OCA], [http://pdbe.org/4l41 PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=4l41 RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/4l41 PDBsum], [http://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=4l41 ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
</table>
== Disease ==
[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/B4GT1_HUMAN B4GT1_HUMAN]] Defects in B4GALT1 are the cause of congenital disorder of glycosylation type 2D (CDG2D) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/607091 607091]]. CDGs are a family of severe inherited diseases caused by a defect in protein N-glycosylation. They are characterized by under-glycosylated serum proteins. These multisystem disorders present with a wide variety of clinical features, such as disorders of the nervous system development, psychomotor retardation, dysmorphic features, hypotonia, coagulation disorders, and immunodeficiency. The broad spectrum of features reflects the critical role of N-glycoproteins during embryonic development, differentiation, and maintenance of cell functions.
== Function ==
== Function ==
[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/LALBA_HUMAN LALBA_HUMAN]] Regulatory subunit of lactose synthase, changes the substrate specificity of galactosyltransferase in the mammary gland making glucose a good acceptor substrate for this enzyme. This enables LS to synthesize lactose, the major carbohydrate component of milk. In other tissues, galactosyltransferase transfers galactose onto the N-acetylglucosamine of the oligosaccharide chains in glycoproteins. [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/B4GT1_HUMAN B4GT1_HUMAN]] The Golgi complex form catalyzes the production of lactose in the lactating mammary gland and could also be responsible for the synthesis of complex-type N-linked oligosaccharides in many glycoproteins as well as the carbohydrate moieties of glycolipids.  The cell surface form functions as a recognition molecule during a variety of cell to cell and cell to matrix interactions, as those occurring during development and egg fertilization, by binding to specific oligosaccharide ligands on opposing cells or in the extracellular matrix.  
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/LALBA_HUMAN LALBA_HUMAN] Regulatory subunit of lactose synthase, changes the substrate specificity of galactosyltransferase in the mammary gland making glucose a good acceptor substrate for this enzyme. This enables LS to synthesize lactose, the major carbohydrate component of milk. In other tissues, galactosyltransferase transfers galactose onto the N-acetylglucosamine of the oligosaccharide chains in glycoproteins.


==See Also==
==See Also==
*[[Alpha-lactalbumin|Alpha-lactalbumin]]
*[[Alpha-lactalbumin 3D structures|Alpha-lactalbumin 3D structures]]
*[[Glycosyltransferase 3D structures|Glycosyltransferase 3D structures]]
__TOC__
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Human]]
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Lactose synthase]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Qasba, P K]]
[[Category: Qasba PK]]
[[Category: Ramakrishnan, B]]
[[Category: Ramakrishnan B]]
[[Category: Calcium binding protein-transferase complex]]
[[Category: Golgi]]
[[Category: Gt-a fold]]
[[Category: Substrate binding]]

Revision as of 09:30, 7 December 2022

Human Lactose synthase: A 2:1 complex between human alpha-lactalbumin and human beta1,4-galactosyltransferase

4l41, resolution 2.70Å

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