4dp3

Quadruple mutant (N51I+C59R+S108N+I164L) plasmodium falciparum dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase (PfDHFR-TS) complexed with P218 and NADPH

spinqualitylabelsall models 4dp3, resolution 2.40Å Show:Asymmetric Unit Biological Assembly Drag the structure with the mouse to rotate   Export Animated Image   Print3D Structural highlights 4dp3 is a 2 chain structure with sequence from Plasmodium falciparum vs/1. Full crystallographic information is available from OCA. For a guided tour on the structure components use FirstGlance. Ligands: MMV, NDP, PO4 Related: 1j3k, 2jsu, 3qg2, 4dpd, 4dph, 4ddr Gene: DHFR-TS, V1/S (Plasmodium falciparum VS/1) Resources: FirstGlance, OCA, PDBe, RCSB, PDBsum, ProSAT Function [D9N170_PLAFA] Bifunctional enzyme. Involved in de novo dTMP biosynthesis. Key enzyme in folate metabolism (By similarity).[PIRNR:PIRNR000389] Publication Abstract from PubMed Malarial dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) is the target of antifolate antimalarial drugs such as pyrimethamine and cycloguanil, the clinical efficacy of which have been compromised by resistance arising through mutations at various sites on the enzyme. Here, we describe the use of cocrystal structures with inhibitors and substrates, along with efficacy and pharmacokinetic profiling for the design, characterization, and preclinical development of a selective, highly efficacious, and orally available antimalarial drug candidate that potently inhibits both wild-type and clinically relevant mutated forms of Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) DHFR. Important structural characteristics of P218 include pyrimidine side-chain flexibility and a carboxylate group that makes charge-mediated hydrogen bonds with conserved Arg122 (PfDHFR-TS amino acid numbering). An analogous interaction of P218 with human DHFR is disfavored because of three species-dependent amino acid substitutions in the vicinity of the conserved Arg. Thus, P218 binds to the active site of PfDHFR in a substantially different fashion from the human enzyme, which is the basis for its high selectivity. Unlike pyrimethamine, P218 binds both wild-type and mutant PfDHFR in a slow-on/slow-off tight-binding mode, which prolongs the target residence time. P218, when bound to PfDHFR-TS, resides almost entirely within the envelope mapped out by the dihydrofolate substrate, which may make it less susceptible to resistance mutations. The high in vivo efficacy in a SCID mouse model of P. falciparum malaria, good oral bioavailability, favorable enzyme selectivity, and good safety characteristics of P218 make it a potential candidate for further development. Malarial dihydrofolate reductase as a paradigm for drug development against a resistance-compromised target.,Yuthavong Y, Tarnchompoo B, Vilaivan T, Chitnumsub P, Kamchonwongpaisan S, Charman SA, McLennan DN, White KL, Vivas L, Bongard E, Thongphanchang C, Taweechai S, Vanichtanankul J, Rattanajak R, Arwon U, Fantauzzi P, Yuvaniyama J, Charman WN, Matthews D Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012 Oct 16;109(42):16823-8. doi:, 10.1073/pnas.1204556109. Epub 2012 Oct 3. PMID:23035243 From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

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