Gag polyprotein

spinqualitylabelsall models Gag polyprotein N-terminal capsid domain of HIV-2 (PDB entry 2wlv) Show:Asymmetric Unit Biological Assembly Drag the structure with the mouse to rotate   Export Animated Image   Print3D Function The Gag polyprotein (Gag) is part of the basic infrastructure of retroviruses. The Gag is processed during maturation to matrix protein (MA), capsid protein (CA), spacer peptides (SP1, SP2), nucleocapsid protein (NC) and p6. For detailed discussion of HIV-1 Gag polyprotein see Hiv-1 gag. Gag of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), is a primary protein involved in the packaging of two copies of the viral genome for capsid formation . In the cytoplasm of the infected cell, Gag is translated and approximately 1500 copies of the immature HIV-1 Gag polyprotein 1l6n come together to form an immature viral particle. After budding of the viral particle, viral proteases cleave the Gag protein into three structurally different products: the matrix, the capsid, and the nucleocapsid. The protealytic cleavage results in viral maturation and induces significant structural changes of the protein products. Following this proteolysis, the viral particle takes on the classic cone shape required for a new infection. Capsid (CA) Domain Overall, the mature CAN domain is very similar in structure to the corresponding domain of the immature Gag283 polyprotein . The CAN protein contains 7 α-helices (helix 1-helix 7) that pack together to form a triangular shape, which helps facilitate the final complex formation for the capsid core particles. There are two significant structural differences between the immature and mature versions of the CAN domain: an N-terminal β-hairpin and a 2-Angstrom displacement of helix 6. In the mature CAN protein, the N-terminal residues form an anti-parallel β-hairpin instead of the random coil that is observed when the same residues are compared in the immature Gag283 polyprotein. The NH2+ group of the N-terminus proline establishes a salt bridge with a nearby aspartic acid, which stabilizes the β-hairpin. This N-terminal β-hairpin is required for the final formation of the viral capsid, and many studies have shown through conservation and mutagenesis that this β-hairpin is responsible for the stabilization of the protein complexes involved in the capsid formation . As a side effect of the β-hairpin formation, the helix 6 is displaced by approximately 2-Angstroms. This displacement, though structurally minor, causes significant biological changes in the protein. Most importantly, helix 6 interacts with the protein cyclophilin A (CypA)-binding site. CypA is a prolyl isomerase and chaperone protein involved in the infection process by aiding in unpacking the capsid . Implications HIV-1 viral particles need to form a capsid cone-like structure prior to infection of the host cell. The protealytic cleavage of the immature Gag283 polyprotein results in a capsid domain. This post-translational modification is essential to the formation of the core structure. Many studies have shown that the β-hairpin formed after maturation is essential for the capsid core particle formation . As a result of the β-hairpin formation, the helix 6 is displaced causing an allosteric mechanism for CpyA binding. Overall, the maturation of Gag283 and formation of the mature CA protein is essential for core capsid particle creation and consequently final infection.

3D structures of Gag polyprotein

Updated on 20-October-2017

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• Gag polyprotein from HIV-1
  • Hiv-1 gag – Gag residues 2-132 – HIV-1
    
  • 1l6n, 2h3i, 1uph - Gag residues 2-132 – NMR
    
  • 1l6n - Gag residues 1-283 – NMR
    
  • 1gwp - Gag residues 132-283 – NMR
    
  • 2jmg, 2nv3 - Gag residues 2-132 (mutant) – NMR
    
  • 1u57 - Gag residues 1-48 – NMR
    
  • 1esk - Gag residues 12-53 – NMR
    
  • 1baj – Gag C terminal
    
  • 2znf – Gag zinc fingerlike domain - NMR
    
  • 2h3q, 2h3v, 2h3z - Gag residues 2-132 + phosphatidyl inositol bisphosphate - NMR
    
  • 1mt7, 1mt8 – Gag MA-CA cleavage site + protease retropepsin (mutant)
    
  • 1agb, 1agc, 1agd, 1age, 1agf – Gag peptide + β-2 microglobulin + B*0801
    
  • 3p9g, 3p9h, 3obu, 3obx, 1m4p, 1m4q - Gag peptide + tumor susceptibility gene 101 protein N terminal
    
  • 1fgl – Gag residues 81-105 + cyclophilin A
    
  • 2xde - Gag residues 1-146 + inhibitor
    
  • 4e91, 4e92 - Gag residues 133-278 + inhibitor
    
  • 2x2d - Gag residues 133-278 + peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase A
    
  • 2lf4 - Gag residues 133-363 (mutant)
    
  • 2xt1 – Gag C terminal + camelid VHH
    
  • 1sje, 1sjh – Gag peptide + HLA-DR1
    
  • 1kj4, 1kj7, 1kjf, 1kjg - Gag peptide + POL polyprotein
• Gag polyprotein from HIV-2
  • 2wlv - Gag residues 99-242 – HIV-2
    
  • 2ec7 – Gag – NMR
    
• Gag polyprotein from Rous sarcoma virus
  • 3g0v, 3g1g, 3g21, 3g1i - Gag C terminal – Rous sarcoma virus
    
  • 3g26, 3g28, 3g29 - Gag C terminal (mutant)
    
  • 1p7n – Gag N terminal
    
  • 1em9 - Gag N terminal – NMR
    
  • 1eoq - Gag C terminal – NMR
    
  • 1a6s – Gag M domain (mutant) - NMR
    
• Gag polyprotein from Simian immunodeficiency virus
  • 1ecw, 1ed1 - Gag
    
  • 2xs1 - Gag peptide + programmed cell death 6-interacting protein
• Gag polyprotein from Moloney murine leukemia virus
  • 1u7k, 3bp9 - Gag residues 215-345
    
  • 1u6p – Gag fragment + DNA – Moloney murine leukemia virus
• Gag polyprotein from equine infectious anemia virus
  • 1hek – Gag
• Gag polyprotein from Mason-Pfizer monkey virus
  • 1cl4 - Gag residues 49-80 (mutant) – NMR
    
• Gag polyprotein from human spumaretrovirus
  • 4jnh - Gag N terminal
    

Additional Resources

For additional information, see: Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Team from University of Missouri, Columbia, MO

Students: Zheng Wang, Allison Tegge, Xin Deng

Advisors: Jianlin Cheng, PhD, Department of Computer Science, Informatics Institute, the Life Science Center, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia

Mentor: Chun Tang, PhD, Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia

NMR Equipment and the Authors

• 
  Dr. Jianlin Cheng
• 
  Protein sample
• 
  Dr. Chun Tang
• 
  Labmates
• 
  Labmates

Created by Allison Tegge and David Canner

Proteopedia Page Contributors and Editors (what is this?)

Alexander Berchansky, Michal Harel, Joel L. Sussman