Sandbox Reserved 1491: Difference between revisions
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The development of cancer begins with the modification of the sequence and expression of the genes involved in the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_cycle cell cycle]. <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer</ref> | The development of cancer begins with the modification of the sequence and expression of the genes involved in the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_cycle cell cycle]. <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer</ref> | ||
The transformation from healthy cells to cancer cells is carried out in two stages: carcinogenesis and tumorigenesis. | The transformation from healthy cells to cancer cells is carried out in two stages: carcinogenesis and tumorigenesis. | ||
During [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carcinogenesis carcinogenesis], cells accumulate genetic abnormalities, particularly in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oncogene oncogenic] sequences. Oncogenes are positive regulators of cell proliferation. After a mutation, they become hyperactive and cause an excessive cellular growth. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caretaker_gene Gatekeeper genes] (genes that allow the passage from one stage of the cell cycle to the next) can also be mutated, leading to uncontrolled cell proliferation. | During [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carcinogenesis carcinogenesis], cells accumulate genetic abnormalities, particularly in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oncogene oncogenic] sequences. Oncogenes are positive regulators of cell proliferation. After a mutation, they become hyperactive and cause an excessive cellular growth. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caretaker_gene Gatekeeper genes] (genes that allow the passage from one stage of the cell cycle to the next) can also be mutated, leading to uncontrolled cell proliferation. | ||
During tumorigenesis, cancer becomes invasive: cancer cells invade other healthy organs. | During tumorigenesis, cancer becomes invasive: cancer cells invade other healthy organs. | ||
KDM4C is involved in carcinogenesis as an oncogene. Indeed, by catalyzing the demethylation of H3K9-me3 (lysine 9 from trimethylated histones 3) to H3K9-me2 (lysine 9 from dimethylated histones 3), this protein increases the expression of its target genes. Several KDM4C target genes are involved in cell growth. For example, they influence mitogenic signalling - which promotes mitosis and cell division -, cell cycle regulation and translation. | KDM4C is involved in carcinogenesis as an oncogene. Indeed, by catalyzing the demethylation of H3K9-me3 (lysine 9 from trimethylated histones 3) to H3K9-me2 (lysine 9 from dimethylated histones 3), this protein increases the expression of its target genes. Several KDM4C target genes are involved in cell growth. For example, they influence mitogenic signalling - which promotes mitosis and cell division -, cell cycle regulation and translation. | ||
In cancer cells, KDM4C expression is enhanced. Thus, the growth of tumor cells is greatly increased. | In cancer cells, KDM4C expression is enhanced. Thus, the growth of tumor cells is greatly increased. <ref>Gregory, Brittany L., and Vivian G. Cheung. ‘Natural Variation in the Histone Demethylase, KDM4C, Influences Expression Levels of Specific Genes Including Those That Affect Cell Growth’. Genome Research 24, no. 1 (January 2014): 52–63. https://doi.org/10.1101/gr.156141.113</ref> | ||
In addition, KDM4C is involved in the correct segregation of chromosomes. Its high presence in tumor cells therefore ensures their viability. | |||
In addition, KDM4C is involved in the correct segregation of chromosomes. Its high presence in tumor cells therefore ensures their viability.<ref>Garcia, Jeison, and Fernando Lizcano. ‘KDM4C Activity Modulates Cell Proliferation and Chromosome Segregation in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer’. Breast Cancer : Basic and Clinical Research 10 (2 November 2016): 169–75. https://doi.org/10.4137/BCBCR.S40182.</ref> | |||
Finally, KDM4C also plays a role in the tumorigenesis of certain cancers, such as breast cancer, since it allows the proliferation of cancer cells, their migration and their invasive capacity in the triple-negative breast cancer. | Finally, KDM4C also plays a role in the tumorigenesis of certain cancers, such as breast cancer, since it allows the proliferation of cancer cells, their migration and their invasive capacity in the triple-negative breast cancer. | ||
For all the implications of KDM4C in different cancers, it is one of the main targets of anti-cancer treatments. | For all the implications of KDM4C in different cancers, it is one of the main targets of anti-cancer treatments. | ||
