Highest impact structures: Difference between revisions
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Structures of the following molecules were used in Structure-based drug design, and the resulting drugs have saved large numbers of lives. | Structures of the following molecules were used in Structure-based drug design, and the resulting drugs have saved large numbers of lives. | ||
* The [[Insulin|Insulin structure]] was solved in 1969 by Dorothy Hodgkin, a pioneering X-ray crystallographer who had previously won the Nobel prize for her work on vitamin B12<ref>https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1964/hodgkin/biographical/</ref>. Insulin itself is used as a live-saving drug to treat type 1 diabetes. Using the structure of hexameric insulin (the storage form) as guidance, variations of insulin were developed that are fast-acting or slow-acting. | |||
* [[Avian Influenza Neuraminidase, Tamiflu and Relenza|Influenza virus neuraminidase structure]] was used in designing the neuraminidase inhibitors [[Avian Influenza Neuraminidase, Tamiflu and Relenza|oseltamivir (Tamiflu®) and zanamivir (Relenza®)]]. Roche, the manufacturer of Tamiflu, estimates that 50 million people have been treated with this drug<ref>[http://www.roche.com/med-cor-2007-04-26 Roche update on Tamiflu for pandemic influenza preparedness], Media Release, April 26, 2007.</ref>. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cochrane_Collaboration Cochrane Collaboration] concluded that neuriminidase inhibitors "are effective in preventing and treating the symptoms and complications of influenza"<ref>[http://mrw.interscience.wiley.com/cochrane/clsysrev/articles/CD001265/frame.html Neuraminidase inhibitors for preventing and treating influenza in healthy adults], T. Jefferson ''et al.'', Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Issue 4, 2008. DOI [http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD001265.pub2 10.1002/14651858.CD001265.pub2]</ref>. Influenza kills hundreds of thousands of people annually<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Influenza Influenza] in Wikipedia.</ref>, including 40,000 in the United States<ref>[http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/163/2/181 Mortality due to Influenza in the United States—An Annualized Regression Approach Using Multiple-Cause Mortality Data], J. Dushoff ''et al.'', Am. J. Epidemiol. 163:181-7, 2006.</ref>. While it is difficult to estimate accurately the number of lives saved by these drugs, the number seems likely to be very large. | * [[Avian Influenza Neuraminidase, Tamiflu and Relenza|Influenza virus neuraminidase structure]] was used in designing the neuraminidase inhibitors [[Avian Influenza Neuraminidase, Tamiflu and Relenza|oseltamivir (Tamiflu®) and zanamivir (Relenza®)]]. Roche, the manufacturer of Tamiflu, estimates that 50 million people have been treated with this drug<ref>[http://www.roche.com/med-cor-2007-04-26 Roche update on Tamiflu for pandemic influenza preparedness], Media Release, April 26, 2007.</ref>. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cochrane_Collaboration Cochrane Collaboration] concluded that neuriminidase inhibitors "are effective in preventing and treating the symptoms and complications of influenza"<ref>[http://mrw.interscience.wiley.com/cochrane/clsysrev/articles/CD001265/frame.html Neuraminidase inhibitors for preventing and treating influenza in healthy adults], T. Jefferson ''et al.'', Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Issue 4, 2008. DOI [http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD001265.pub2 10.1002/14651858.CD001265.pub2]</ref>. Influenza kills hundreds of thousands of people annually<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Influenza Influenza] in Wikipedia.</ref>, including 40,000 in the United States<ref>[http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/163/2/181 Mortality due to Influenza in the United States—An Annualized Regression Approach Using Multiple-Cause Mortality Data], J. Dushoff ''et al.'', Am. J. Epidemiol. 163:181-7, 2006.</ref>. While it is difficult to estimate accurately the number of lives saved by these drugs, the number seems likely to be very large. | ||
