Sandbox Reserved 1099: Difference between revisions

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===Skin disorders===
===Skin disorders===


Some skin disorders such as psoriasis are compensated by an overexpression and overproduction of the antimicrobial peptides. As a result infections on the injured skin are less frequent.<ref> Harder, J., Bartels, J., Christophers, E., Schröder, J.-M., 1997. A peptide antibiotic from human skin. Nature 387, 861–861. https://doi.org/10.1038/43088 </ref>  
Some skin disorders such as psoriasis are compensated by an overexpression and overproduction of the antimicrobial peptides. As a result, infections on the injured skin are less frequent.<ref> Harder, J., Bartels, J., Christophers, E., Schröder, J.-M., 1997. A peptide antibiotic from human skin. Nature 387, 861–861. https://doi.org/10.1038/43088 </ref>  


Atopic dermatitis is also linked to DCD peptides. A study proved that patients suffering from this skin disorder have reduced amount of these peptides which could provoke skin infections in contrast to psoriasis <ref name="de"/>.
Atopic dermatitis is also linked to DCD peptides. A study proved that patients suffering from this skin disorder have reduced amount of these peptides which could provoke skin infections in contrast to psoriasis.<ref name="de"/>  


===Cancer related diseases===
===Cancer related diseases===
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Dermcidin is related to certain cancer diseases such as prostatic cancer<ref> Stewart, G.D., Lowrie, A.G., Riddick, A.C.P., Fearon, K.C.H., Habib, F.K., Ross, J.A., 2007. Dermcidin expression confers a survival advantage in prostate cancer cells subjected to oxidative stress or hypoxia. Prostate 67, 1308–1317. https://doi.org/10.1002/pros.20618</ref>, lung cancer<ref> Chang, W.C., Huang, M.S., Yang, C.J., Wang, W.Y., Lai, T.C., Hsiao, M., Chen, C.H., 2010. Dermcidin identification from exhaled air for lung cancer diagnosis. European Respiratory Journal 35, 1182–1185. https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.00169509 </ref><ref> López-Sánchez, L.M., Jurado-Gámez, B., Feu-Collado, N., Valverde, A., Cañas, A., Fernández-Rueda, J.L., Aranda, E., Rodríguez-Ariza, A., 2017. Exhaled breath condensate biomarkers for the early diagnosis of lung cancer using proteomics. American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 313, L664–L676. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00119.2017 </ref>, melanoma<ref> Ortega-Martínez, I., Gardeazabal, J., Erramuzpe, A., Sanchez-Diez, A., Cortés, J., García-Vázquez, M.D., Pérez-Yarza, G., Izu, R., Luís Díaz-Ramón, J., de la Fuente, I.M., Asumendi, A., Boyano, M.D., 2016. Vitronectin and dermcidin serum levels predict the metastatic progression of AJCC I-II early-stage melanoma: Vitronectin and dermcidin serum levels in melanoma. Int. J. Cancer 139, 1598–1607. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.30202 </ref><ref name="trzoss"> Trzoss, L., Fukuda, T., Costa-Lotufo, L.V., Jimenez, P., La Clair, J.J., Fenical, W., 2014. Seriniquinone, a selective anticancer agent, induces cell death by autophagocytosis, targeting the cancer-protective protein dermcidin. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 111, 14687–14692. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1410932111 </ref>, breast cancer<ref> Bancovik, J., Moreira, D.F., Carrasco, D., Yao, J., Porter, D., Moura, R., Camargo, A., Fontes-Oliveira, C.C., Malpartida, M.G., Carambula, S., Vannier, E., Strauss, B.E., Wakamatsu, A., Alves, V.A., Logullo, A.F., Soares, F.A., Polyak, K., Belizário, J.E., 2015. Dermcidin exerts its oncogenic effects in breast cancer via modulation of ERBB signaling. BMC Cancer 15, 70. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-015-1022-6 </ref><ref> Brauer, H.A., D’Arcy, M., Libby, T.E., Thompson, H.J., Yasui, Y.Y., Hamajima, N., Li, C.I., Troester, M.A., Lampe, P.D., 2014. Dermcidin expression is associated with disease progression and survival among breast cancer patients. Breast Cancer Res Treat 144, 299–306. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-014-2880-3 </ref> and hepatocellular carcinoma.<ref> Ross, J., 2011. Proteolysis-inducing factor core peptide mediates dermcidin-induced proliferation of hepatic cells through multiple signalling networks. Int J Oncol. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2011.1064 </ref><ref> Shen, S.-L., Qiu, F.-H., Dayarathna, T.K., Wu, J., Kuang, M., Li, S.S.-C., Peng, B.-G., Nie, J., 2011. Identification of Dermcidin as a novel binding protein of Nck1 and characterization of its role in promoting cell migration. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease 1812, 703–710. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbadis.2011.03.004 </ref> Furthermore, it plays a role in lymph node metastasis and gastric cancer.
Dermcidin is related to certain cancer diseases such as prostatic cancer<ref> Stewart, G.D., Lowrie, A.G., Riddick, A.C.P., Fearon, K.C.H., Habib, F.K., Ross, J.A., 2007. Dermcidin expression confers a survival advantage in prostate cancer cells subjected to oxidative stress or hypoxia. Prostate 67, 1308–1317. https://doi.org/10.1002/pros.20618</ref>, lung cancer<ref> Chang, W.C., Huang, M.S., Yang, C.J., Wang, W.Y., Lai, T.C., Hsiao, M., Chen, C.H., 2010. Dermcidin identification from exhaled air for lung cancer diagnosis. European Respiratory Journal 35, 1182–1185. https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.00169509 </ref><ref> López-Sánchez, L.M., Jurado-Gámez, B., Feu-Collado, N., Valverde, A., Cañas, A., Fernández-Rueda, J.L., Aranda, E., Rodríguez-Ariza, A., 2017. Exhaled breath condensate biomarkers for the early diagnosis of lung cancer using proteomics. American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 313, L664–L676. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00119.2017 </ref>, melanoma<ref> Ortega-Martínez, I., Gardeazabal, J., Erramuzpe, A., Sanchez-Diez, A., Cortés, J., García-Vázquez, M.D., Pérez-Yarza, G., Izu, R., Luís Díaz-Ramón, J., de la Fuente, I.M., Asumendi, A., Boyano, M.D., 2016. Vitronectin and dermcidin serum levels predict the metastatic progression of AJCC I-II early-stage melanoma: Vitronectin and dermcidin serum levels in melanoma. Int. J. Cancer 139, 1598–1607. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.30202 </ref><ref name="trzoss"> Trzoss, L., Fukuda, T., Costa-Lotufo, L.V., Jimenez, P., La Clair, J.J., Fenical, W., 2014. Seriniquinone, a selective anticancer agent, induces cell death by autophagocytosis, targeting the cancer-protective protein dermcidin. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 111, 14687–14692. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1410932111 </ref>, breast cancer<ref> Bancovik, J., Moreira, D.F., Carrasco, D., Yao, J., Porter, D., Moura, R., Camargo, A., Fontes-Oliveira, C.C., Malpartida, M.G., Carambula, S., Vannier, E., Strauss, B.E., Wakamatsu, A., Alves, V.A., Logullo, A.F., Soares, F.A., Polyak, K., Belizário, J.E., 2015. Dermcidin exerts its oncogenic effects in breast cancer via modulation of ERBB signaling. BMC Cancer 15, 70. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-015-1022-6 </ref><ref> Brauer, H.A., D’Arcy, M., Libby, T.E., Thompson, H.J., Yasui, Y.Y., Hamajima, N., Li, C.I., Troester, M.A., Lampe, P.D., 2014. Dermcidin expression is associated with disease progression and survival among breast cancer patients. Breast Cancer Res Treat 144, 299–306. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-014-2880-3 </ref> and hepatocellular carcinoma.<ref> Ross, J., 2011. Proteolysis-inducing factor core peptide mediates dermcidin-induced proliferation of hepatic cells through multiple signalling networks. Int J Oncol. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2011.1064 </ref><ref> Shen, S.-L., Qiu, F.-H., Dayarathna, T.K., Wu, J., Kuang, M., Li, S.S.-C., Peng, B.-G., Nie, J., 2011. Identification of Dermcidin as a novel binding protein of Nck1 and characterization of its role in promoting cell migration. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease 1812, 703–710. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbadis.2011.03.004 </ref> Furthermore, it plays a role in lymph node metastasis and gastric cancer.


The gastric cancer is characterized by an overexpression of long non coding RNAs ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_non-coding_RNA_ lncRNA]) of stomach cancer associated transcript 3 (shortened as STCAT3). These RNAs, under the RNA form, run some functions of genes regulation such as gene expressions, control of the cell cycle, ect… Not only Dermicidin has been identified as the binding protein of lncRNA STCAT3, but also the Dermicidin expression has been shown stronger in the case of gastric cancer cells. So in the cancer cells the DCD can be found more abundant than in non-cancer cells. It can be used in the researches on the gastric cancer, hence to save lives.<ref> Zhang, J., Ding, W., Kuai, X., Ji, Y., Zhu, Z., Mao, Z., Wang, Z., 2018. Dermcidin as a novel binding protein of lncRNA STCAT3 and its effect on prognosis in gastric cancer. Oncol Rep. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2018.6673 </ref>
The gastric cancer cells are characterized by an overexpression of long non coding RNAs ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_non-coding_RNA_ lncRNA]) of stomach cancer associated transcript 3 (shortened as STCAT3). These RNAs, under the RNA form, run some functions of genes regulation such as gene expressions, control of the cell cycle, ect… Not only Dermicidin has been identified as the binding protein of lncRNA STCAT3, but also the Dermicidin expression has been shown stronger in the case of gastric cancer cells. So in the cancer cells the DCD can be found more abundant than in non-cancer cells. It can be used in the researches on the gastric cancer, hence to save lives.<ref> Zhang, J., Ding, W., Kuai, X., Ji, Y., Zhu, Z., Mao, Z., Wang, Z., 2018. Dermcidin as a novel binding protein of lncRNA STCAT3 and its effect on prognosis in gastric cancer. Oncol Rep. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2018.6673 </ref>


Often times, dermcidin is in the discussion to function as a general '''biomarker''' for the above mentioned diseases but also being a potential '''target for anticancer drugs''' such as [https://www.biotrend-usa.com/other-products-186/seriniquinone-22200-69-7-566000900.html_ seriniquinone].<ref name="trzoss"/> The anticancer effect could derive from direct interaction or from protein complexes linked via disulfide bonds to DCD, which was already shown for [http://proteopedia.org/wiki/index.php/Hsp70_ Hsp70]. In the survival-promoting peptide area of dermcidin, GNPCH is considered to be an ATP-dependent binding-site for Hsp70.<ref> Stocki, P., Wang, X.N., Morris, N.J., Dickinson, A.M., 2011. HSP70 Natively and Specifically Associates with an N-terminal Dermcidin-derived Peptide That Contains an HLA-A*03 Antigenic Epitope. J. Biol. Chem. 286, 12803–12811. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M110.179630 </ref>
Often times, dermcidin is in the discussion to function as a general '''biomarker''' for the above mentioned diseases but also being a potential '''target for anticancer drugs''' such as [https://www.biotrend-usa.com/other-products-186/seriniquinone-22200-69-7-566000900.html_ seriniquinone].<ref name="trzoss"/> The anticancer effect could derive from direct interaction or from protein complexes linked via disulfide bonds to DCD, which was already shown for [http://proteopedia.org/wiki/index.php/Hsp70_ Hsp70]. In the survival-promoting peptide area of dermcidin, GNPCH is considered to be an ATP-dependent binding-site for Hsp70.<ref> Stocki, P., Wang, X.N., Morris, N.J., Dickinson, A.M., 2011. HSP70 Natively and Specifically Associates with an N-terminal Dermcidin-derived Peptide That Contains an HLA-A*03 Antigenic Epitope. J. Biol. Chem. 286, 12803–12811. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M110.179630 </ref>
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