Farnesyl diphosphate synthase: Difference between revisions
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== Introduction == | == Introduction == | ||
<StructureSection load='2opm' size='350' side='right' scene='48/485622/Cv/15' caption='Human farnesyl diphosphate synthase complex with lipophylic bisphosphonate inhibitor and Mg+2 ions (green) (PDB code [[2opm]]) '> | <StructureSection load='2opm' size='350' side='right' scene='48/485622/Cv/15' caption='Human farnesyl diphosphate synthase complex with lipophylic bisphosphonate inhibitor and Mg+2 ions (green) (PDB code [[2opm]]) '> | ||
'''Farnesyl pyrophospate synthase''' (FPPS), also named '''Farnesyl diphosphate synthase''' (FPS), is a chain elongation enzyme that catalyzes carbon-carbon formation in two consecutive condensation reactions that convert one equivalent of dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP) and two equivalents of isopentyl diphosphates (IPP) into one equivalent of Farnesyl pyrophospate | '''Farnesyl pyrophospate synthase''' (FPPS), also named '''Farnesyl diphosphate synthase''' (FPS), is a chain elongation enzyme that catalyzes carbon-carbon formation in two consecutive condensation reactions that convert one equivalent of dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP) and two equivalents of isopentyl diphosphates (IPP) into one equivalent of Farnesyl pyrophospate (FPP).<ref>PMID:11152452</ref> | ||
== Function == | == Function == | ||
In the first | In the first condensation reaction, IPP and its isomer DMAPP react to form a ten-carbon geranyl diphosphate (GPP), while in the second condensation reaction, the product geranyl diphosphate from the first step and an additional IPP molecule react to make FPP (see diagram). FPP is an essential enzyme in the biosynthesis of mevalonate, isoprenoids, and sterols in a variety of organisms. FPPS has been studied in conjunction with different parasites. TcFPPS refers to FPPS in the Typanosoma cruzi parasite while LmFPPS refers to FPPS in the Leishmania major parasite. Bisphosphonates have been shown to inhibit FPPS and are currently being used as antiparasitic drugs as well as a treatment for various bone diseases. | ||
[[Image:FPPSynthesisDiagram.png|700x750px]] | [[Image:FPPSynthesisDiagram.png|700x750px]] | ||
